Netflix, Amazon Prime, and YouTube: Comparative Study of Streaming Infrastructure and Strategy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Netflix, Amazon Prime, and YouTube are the most popular and fastest-growing streaming services globally. Itis a matter of great interest for the streaming service providers to preview their service infrastructure andstreaming strategy in order to provide new streaming services. Hence, the first part of the paper presents adetailed survey of the Content Distribution Network (CDN) and cloud infrastructure of these service providers.
To understand the streaming strategy of these service providers, the second part of the paper deduces a commonquality-of-service (QoS) model based on rebuffering time, bitrate, progressive download ratio, and standarddeviation of the On-Off cycle. This model is then used to analyze and compare the streaming behaviors of theseservices. This study concluded that the streaming behaviors of all these services are similar as they all useDynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) on top of TCP. However, the amount of data that theydownload in the buffering state and steady-state vary, resulting in different progressive download ratios,rebuffering levels, and bitrates. The characteristics of their On-Off cycle are also different resulting in differentQoS. Hence a thorough adaptive bit rate (ABR) analysis is presented in this paper. The streaming behaviors ofthese services are tested on different access network bandwidths, ranging from 75 kbps to 30 Mbps. The surveyresults indicate that Netflix QoS and streaming behavior are significantly consistent followed by Amazon Primeand YouTube. Our approach can be used to compare and contrast the streaming services’ strategies and finetunetheir ABR and flow control mechanisms.

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