Acute Oral Toxicity of Neonicotinoid Insecticides to Four Species of Honey Bee, Apis florea, A. cerana, A. mellifera, and A. dorsata

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Honeybees are important pollinators in agricultural and natural ecosystems. Conservation of wild pollinators as well as managed honeybees are critical for sustainable ecosystem service. Honeybees are exposed to various threats including pesticides. We tested the susceptibility of the neonicotinoids; Thiamethoxam, Imidacloprid, and Clothianidin, and a carbamate pesticide; carbaryl to four species of honey bees, Apis florea, A. cerana, A. mellifera, and A. dorsata from northern Thailand. Formulated pesticide products were serially diluted and utilized for oral toxicity test. When treated with the recommended concentrations, all tested adult bees were dead within 18 hr for all tested chemicals. Feral honeybee species showed higher LC50 values for 3 neonicotinoids than the managed honeybees. When treated with carbaryl, LC50 values were not different between the honey bee species. The results indicate that tested insecticides would pose risks not only to managed honeybees but also the indigenous honey bee species. Additionally Korean populations of A. mellifera showed higher LC50 values for 4 pesticides compared to the Thailand A. mellifera population, indicating that there might be complex interactions of differential exposures of those chemicals in agricultural fields and honeybees.

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