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1 H. V. Stackelberg, "The Theory of the Market Economy" Oxford Univ. Press 1952
2 B. D. Liu, "Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium for mutilevel programming with multiple followers using genetic algorithms" (36) : 79-89, 1998
3 Xiaobo Zhu, "Qian Yu and Xianjia Wang, A hybrid differential evolution algorithm for solving nonlinear bilevel programming with linear constraints" 126-131, 2006
4 J. F. Bard, "Practical Bilevel Optimization" Kluwer Academic Publishers 1998
5 H. I. Calvete, "On the quasiconcave bilevel programming problem" (98) : 613-622, 1998
6 Ue-Pyng Wen, "Linear bi-Level programming problems–A review" (42) : 125-133, 1991
7 B. Colson, "Bilevel programming: A survey" (3) : 87-107, 2005
8 V. Oduguwa, "Bi-level optimization using genetic algorithm" 123-128, 2002
9 Yuping Wang, "An evolutionary algorithm for solving non-linear bilevel programming based on a new constraint - handling scheme" (35) : 221-232, 2005
10 B. Colson, "A trust-region method for nonlinear bilevel programming: algorithm and computational experience" (30) : 211-227, 2005
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15 H. I. Calvete, "A new approach for solving linear bilevel problems using genetic algorithms" (188) : 14-28, 2008
16 Kuen-Ming Lan, "A hybrid neural network approach to bilevel programming problems" (20) : 880-884, 2007
17 Hecheng Li, "A hybrid genetic algorithm for solving a class of nonlinear bilevel programming problems" 408-415, 2006
18 Dao Li Zhu, "A homotopy methodfor solving bilevel programming problem" (57) : 917-928, 2004
19 L D Muu, "A global optimization method for solving convex quadratic bilevel programming problems" (26) : 199-219, 2003