Toxicities of 26 pesticides against 10 biological control species

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

To determine selective effectiveness for specific pesticides on biological control species we evaluated the contacttoxicity of 16 insecticides, 2 acaricides, 3 fungicides, and 5 biopesticides. Targeted species included 3 predatorymites (Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, and Neoseiulus californicusMcGregor), 5 hymenopteran parasitoids (Diglyphus isaea Walker, Aphidius colemani Viereck, Encarsia formosaGahan, Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich and E. mundus Mercet), and 2 hemipteran predators (Oriuslaevigatus Fieber and Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter) in laboratory condition. In addition, residual toxicity wasevaluated on P. persimilis, E. formosa, and O. laevigatus. For contact toxicity, five insecticides (spinetoram, spinosad,lepimectin, chlorfenapyr, and dinotefuran +spinetoram) showed high toxicity to predatory mites. Mostpesticides tested were highly toxic to all hymenopteran species except for D. isaea which showed low susceptibilityto 11 pesticides. Bistrifluron+flubendiamide and B. valismortis were less toxic to A. colemani, and only B.
valismortis was safe to both E. mundus and E. eremicus. Insect growth regulators (methoxyfenozide and bistrifluron),chlorantraniliprole, and bistrifuron +flubendiamide were not toxic to hemipteran predators.
Fungicides and biopesticides were safe to hemipteran predators except for two biopesticides (B. subtilis and P.
fluorescens). Most pesticides had low residual toxicity to P. persimilis, with the exception of chlorfenapyr whosetoxicity persisted over 7 days. One insecticide (cyantraniliprole), 2 acaricides (spiromesifen and fenpyroximate),1 fungicide (metrafenone), and 4 biopesticides (B. subtilis, P. polymyxa, P. fluorescens, and B. valismortis) showeda much lower residual toxicity to E. formosa. Eight insecticides, 2 acaricides, 3 fungicides, and 5 biopesticidesshowed low residual toxicity to O. laevigatus.

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