Reverse osmosis membrane fabrication and modification technologies and future trends: A review

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Reverse osmosis (RO) is the most widely used technology in water treatment and desalination technologies for potable water production. Since its invention, RO has undergone significant developments in terms of material science, process, system optimization, methods of membrane synthesis, and modifications. Among various materials used for the synthesis of an RO membrane, the polyamide thin-film composite (PA-TFC) is by far the most common, owing to its excellent water permeability high salt rejection, and stability. However, a tradeoff between membrane permeability and salt rejection and membrane fouling has been a major hindrance for the effective application of this membrane. Thus, a broad investigation has been carried out to address these problems, and among which <I>co</I>-solvent interfacial polymerization (CAIP) and the surface modification of substrates and active layers of RO membrane have been the most effective approaches for controlling and improving the surface properties of the PA-TFC membrane. In this review paper, the problems associated with the RO membrane processes and strategies has been discussed and addressed in detail. Furthermore, as the focus of this review, the major advancements in the strategies used for enhancement of RO membrane performance through CAIP, and surface modifications were scrutinized and summarized.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Literature review of membrane materials and problems associated with RO process </LI> <LI> Effects of the co-solvent assisted interfacial polymerization (CAIP) </LI> <LI> Explanations of the strategies to improve PA-TFC RO membrane performances </LI> <LI> Investigations of recent substrates and active layer modifications approaches </LI> <LI> Modification methodologies of recent physical and chemical surface modifications </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>