한국에서의 국가-종교관계 변화분석 = 제1-6공화국의 종교정책을 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims at understanding patterns of changes in the relationship between the state and religions and at pursuing policies to establish a desirable relationship between them in a diversified society by analyzing trends in the religious policies of the governments of the six Republics (1st therough 6th). These goals will be achieved through an examination of publications of the Administration and formal publications of religious denominations and, on occasion, through interviews with public servants concerned and clergymen.
From a historical points of view, the relationship between politics and religions is characterized as of the following three types. The first type is characterized by an inseparable tie between politics and religion, the second by one utilizing or dominating the other, and the third by there being some tension between the two. In view of these types, modem countries can be classified according to their religious policies into, (a) those countries which separate politics and religion (such as the United States. France, Japan, and Italy since 1984), (b) those countries which take a particular religion as the state religion (such as the United Kingdom, Spain, Thai, and Arab countries), and (c) those countries which recognize no religions whatsoever (most of communist countries).
The relationship between politics and religion in Korea had wavered for a long time until it got stated explicitly in the Constitution promulgated on July 17, 1948. Article 12 of the Constitution goes: "All citizens have the freedom of religion and of conscience. There is no such thing as the religion of the state: Religion is separated from politics. " The details of the separation stated in the Constitution are: (a) denial of the existence of the state religion, (b) ban on patronizing or discriminating against (a) particular religion(s), (c) ban on religious education by the state, (d) restriction on intervention in politics by religious bodies, and (e) recognition of religious bodies' autonomy.
It is true that the governmental policies on religion so far have been identified with short-sighted and improvisational guidelines as a result of the failure to recognize the multi-religious situation, a phenomenon peculiar to the Korean society. The government has maintained different relationships with different religions depending on pol i tical situation, it has supported those particular religious bodies which have been supportive of governmental policies while staying away from or banning those which have been critical or unsupportive. Thus, this kind of nonuniform religious policies brought about the situation where the government built special relationships with individual religions. This course of actions taken by the government not only are against the constitutional principle of the separation between politics and religion, but also resulted in the nonexistence of religious policies.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 한국에 있어서 국가-종교 관계의 역사적 전개
• Ⅲ. 한국종교계의 현황분석
• Ⅳ. 한국에서의 국가-종교 관계 변화 추이
• Ⅴ. 결어 : 종교정책의 발전방향
• 참고문헌