세계화, 언어, 사회과학 연구의 경쟁과 협력 = Globalization, Language and the Social Sciences:Competition and Cooperation across National Borders

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Globalization has changed not only the political and economic environments but also the culture and people's behavior. The authors attempt to understand the competition of the scholars and increasing cooperation via co-authorship across national borders. Based on the "Web of Science", this paper has made a database of author's nationality distribution in economics and other social sciences from 1976 to 2005. Unlike the trend of natural sciences, American authors' contribution is almost 90% of the total papers in American Economic Review or American Political Science review. However, globalization has made more foreign presence in the academia with more foreign scholars and more co-authorship crossing the national borders. It is an interesting observation that England is the second to USA in academic production in social sciences replacing Canada 25 years ago. A simple regression shows that English is an important factor explaining the academic productivity in the social sciences.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

세계화는 정치경제뿐만 아니라 국가의 문화와 개인의 행동에 이르기까지 광범위하게 영향을 주고 있다. 본 논문은 세계화가 사회과학 연구에 미치는 영향을 인간의 경쟁과 협력이라는 시각에서 접근해 보았다. 자연과학과 달리 사회과학에서는 미국인 저자의 비중이 지난 사반세기 동안 80% 이상 90% 가까이 유지되고 있는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 동시에 변화의 흐름도 볼 수 있었다. 더 다양한 국가의 저자들이 논문을 발표하고 있고, 미국인 저자만으로 구성된 논문의 비중이 줄어들고 있다는 점은 사회과학 연구에 있어서 세계화가 진행이 되고 있다는 것을 시사한다. 그러나 외국인 학자들이 미국의 최고저널에서 발표를 하려면 미국인 공저자가 필요하다는 점에서 미국의 사회과학 학계에서의 영향력은 유지되고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 25년 전과 비교했을 때 미국 다음의 영향력을 발휘하는 국가가 캐나다에서 영국으로 바뀐 것이 흥미롭다고 할 수 있다. 미국 이외의 국가를 상대로 분석을 했을 때 영어가 공용어이거나 토플점수로 조사한 영어구사력이 높을수록 경제학 및 사회과학 논문에 숫자가 많다는 것이 유의하다는 사실을 발견하였다. 학술에 있어서 영어의 위력을 다시 보여 주는 계기가 되었다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 양준석, "한미FTA와 한국의 정체성" 인간학연구소 (14) : 126-195, 2008

2 오지섭, "세계화 시대 한국문화의 정체성 - 한국종교의 조화와 공존적 특성을 중심으로 -" 인간학연구소 (14) : 7-33, 2008

3 "Web of Science"

4 McCloskey, D, "The rhetoric of economics, 2nd Ed" University of Wisconsin Press 1998

5 Malone, T, "The interdisciplinary study of coordination" 26 : 87-119, 1994

6 Beenstock, M, "The effect of linguistic distance and country of origin on immigrant language skills: application to Israel" 39 : 33-60, 2001

7 Bontis, N., "The Strategic Management of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Knowledge" Oxford University Press 621-42, 2002

8 Pfeffer, J, "The Effects of Departmental Demography on Turnover: The Case of a University" 26 (26): 626-41, 1983

9 Rosenau, J. N., "Strategic links in an emergent epoch: from people to collectivities and back again In Globalization" 1 : 191-222, 2001

10 Beaver, D., "Reflections on scientific collaboration (and its study): past, present, and future" 52 : 365-77, 2001

11 "Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Telecommunication Systems: Modeling and Analysis" 584-99, 1998

12 Rauch, J. E, "Networks versus markets in international trade" 48 : 7-35, 1999

13 Hutchinson, M, "Living the Rhetoric: Service Learning and Increased Value of Social Responsibility" 5 (5): 427-44, 2005

14 deSolla Price, D. J, "Little science, big science" Columbia University Press 1963

15 Hutchinson, W. K, "Linguistic distance as a determinant of bilateral trade" 72 (72): 2005

16 Min, "Korean Immigrants in Los Angeles, California Immigrants in World Perspective" UC Los Angeles 1990

17 David, P, "Knowledge, Capabilities and Human Capital Formation in Economic Gr" New Zealand Treasury 2001

18 Kogut, B, "Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology" 3 : 383-97, 2009

19 Wagner, D, "Immigration and the trade of provinces" 49 : 507-25, 2002

20 Gould, D. M., "Immigrant links to the home country: Empirical implications for U.S. bilateral trade flows" 76 : 302-16, 1994

21 Chase-Dunn, C, "Globlaization: A world-systems perspective. In Globalization" 1 : 372-94, 2001

22 Chiswick, B. R, "Ethnic networks and language proficiency among immigrants" 9 : 19-35, 1996

23 Rauch, J. E, "Ethnic Chinese networks in international trade" 84 : 116-30, 2002

24 Corder, S. P, "Error analysis and interlanguage" Oxford University Press 1981

25 CChiswick, B. R, "English language fluency among immigrants in the United States" 17 : 151-200, 1998

26 Boisso, D, "Economic distance, cultural distance, and openness in international trade: Empirical puzzles" 12 : 456-84, 1997

27 Mohanram, P, "Do RBOC Coalitions diminish competition in long distance" Harvard Business School 1998

28 Van de Ven, A, "Determinants of coordination modes within organizations" 41 : 322-38, 1976

29 Corley, E., "Design and the management of multi institutional research collaborations: theoretical implications from two case studies" 35 : 975-93, 2006

30 Ancona, D. G, "Demography and Design Predictors of New Product Team Performance" 3 (3): 321-41, 1992

31 Kouses, R., "Collaboratories: doing science on the Internet" 29 : 40-6, 1996

32 Cummings, J, "Collaborative research across disciplinary and organizational boundaries" 35 : 703-22, 2007

33 Ebenhoh, E, "Agent behavior between maximization and cooperation" 20 : 227-52, 2008

34 Chiswick, B. R, "A model of destination language acquisition: Application to male immigrants in Canada" 38 (38): 391-409, 2002

35 Malhotra, N. K, "A cross-cultural comparison of behavioral intention models-Theoretical consideration and an empirical investigation" 18 (18): 230-4, 2001