In this paper, A sampler for high-speed communication at the transmit and receive ends using Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM-16) high-output swing drivers for high-speed communication are presented.
To achieve high-speed communication, CML structure d...
In this paper, A sampler for high-speed communication at the transmit and receive ends using Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM-16) high-output swing drivers for high-speed communication are presented.
To achieve high-speed communication, CML structure driver that drives PAM in TX system. Due to the structure of the CML driver, the static current is consumed, so the current is consumed more than VML in the industry, but it may benefit from impedance matching in high-speed communication. In order to reduce SNR and achieve multiple levels, a high voltage level output is required.
The proposed ultrafast transmission system consists of a back-end serializer, a front-end serializer, a pre-driver, a driver, and a channel. The CML driver structure, which is the most important structure of this study, uses a Cascode structure and a Bleeder current source that can reduce device stress caused by operation at high voltage. In addition, the driver is fragmented and operated by distributing current to drive a feed-forward equalizer (FFE) to remove the Inter-Symbol Interface (ISI) generated from the PAM and the channel present at the next end of the driver. FFE receives data from the core, controls it from the serialized back-end serializer, and sends it to the driver.
At the transmit end, we introduce a high-speed sampler at the analog front end that high-speed samples the corrupted fast signal transmitted over multiple-level channels from the Continuous Time Linear Equalizer (CTLE). The signal passing through the channel with the low-pass filter characteristic can restore the signal of the reduced high frequency component from CTLE. At this time, because the clock frequency used in high-speed communication is high, a Half-rate clock or a Quarter-rate clock can be used to reduce the frequency of the clock by half, and a high-speed sampler capable of operating at Half-rate is adopted to reduce the load of CTLE.
We introduce the high-speed sampler introduced in JSSC 2016 presented by NVIDIA, and consider the structural characteristic of Charge sharing. The high-speed sampler introduced is a class AB-located comparator-based sampler that induces fast sampling through Pre-amp at reset timing. In order to achieve high-speed operation, charge sharing must be actively used to maximize the advantages of the structure. Stack nmos on the clock bar inverter to control charge sharing.
The transmitter and receiver circuits proposed in this paper are designed in the TSMC 40nm process, power consumption of 297mW at a supply voltages of 2.7V, 1V, and 1.2V. The target data transmission rate at the transmission end is designed to achieve 128 Gbps (32 GBaudps * 4 bits). In addition, a sampler consumes 14mW at a supply voltage of 1V, and it is possible to achieve sampling at 10GHz.