“關系”記憶與革命遺産：“晩年丁玲”的“延安”重構與社會創傷的治愈 = Memories of ‘Relationships’ and the Legacy of Revolution: 'Late Ding Ling'’s Reconstruction of ‘Yan'an' and the Healing of Social Trauma

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

本研究首次探讨了在“八十年代”这一中国特有的社会文化背景下，“晚年丁玲”的政治选择与她的“延安”记忆之间的关系。随着对文化大革命的反思与评估逐渐展开，“八十年代”迎来了“现代化”的浪潮，各种西方理论的引入使得新的社会氛围形成，取代了以往单一的革命话语，展现出多样化的声音。本文通过“创伤”和“关系”这两个概念分析了丁玲的晚年选择，揭示了她如何通过对“延安”时期记忆的象征化，试图在复杂的社会政治环境中实现社会创伤的治愈与革命历史的延续。丁玲的“延安”记忆主要围绕“文艺整风”运动、对毛泽东的记忆以及与“人民”的关系进行重构。通过她的个人与政治记忆叙事，我们可以看到，在“八十年代”中，伴随着“伤痕文学”和“反思文学”文艺思潮的兴起及政治社会氛围的变化，丁玲承认她所受到的“伤痕”源自党与知识分子之间"关系"的丧失。然而，丁玲并未止步于揭示“伤痕”，而是通过恢复党与知识分子、知识分子与人民之间的“关系”来寻找治愈的可能性。她将“延安”时期的“整风”运动象征为一个互相学习与扶持的理想革命共同体，将毛泽东的记忆象征为党与知识分子之间信任关系的恢复，将与“人民”的记忆象征为团结与包容胜利的象征。因此，作为革命元老干部，她通过记忆叙事重构了“关系共同体”，以此治愈社会伤痕，并试图在这一过程中，将已作为“实在界”的“延安”恢复到“八十年代”的符号体系中。

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is the first to investigate the intricate relationship between Ding Ling's late-life political choices and her memories of ‘Yan'an’ within the distinctive socio-cultural context of 1980s China. During this period, as the Cultural Revolution was increasingly critiqued and reassessed as feudal, a pursuit of modernization spurred the introduction of various Western theories, fostering a social milieu marked by a plurality of voices in contrast to the monolithic revolutionary narrative of the past. This paper analyzes Ding Ling's later political decisions through the lens of ‘scar' and ‘relationship,' illuminating her efforts to navigate the complex social and political dynamics of ‘the 1980s’ by symbolizing her memories of the ‘Yan'an’ period as a means of providing continuity to revolutionary history while also promoting the healing of social trauma. Ding Ling's memories of ‘Yan'an’ are reconstructed around the Yan'an Rectification Movement, her recollections of Mao Zedong, and her ties with ‘the people.' Through her personal and political memory narratives, it becomes evident that she attributed her ‘scar' to the breakdown of ‘relations’ between the Party and intellectuals, positioning herself within the broader context of ‘scar literature' and ‘reflective literature' that emerged in ‘the 1980s’ as part of a broader reassessment of the past. Nevertheless, Ding Ling did not simply expose these ‘scars'; she sought their healing in the restoration of ‘relationships’—both between the Party and intellectuals and between intellectuals and ‘the people’. She symbolized the Rectification Movement as an ideal revolutionary community of mutual learning and support, her memories of Mao Zedong as a pathway to restoring trust between the Party and intellectuals, and her memories of ‘the people’ as emblematic of unity and the collective triumph of inclusion. Thus, as a veteran revolutionary cadre, Ding Ling aimed to heal social ‘scars’ by reconstructing a ‘relational community’ through her memory narrative, striving to reintegrate ‘Yan'an’ as the Real into the symbolic order of ‘the 1980s’.