정부수립과 한국근현대사 속에서 광복·건국의 연속과 단절 = Continuity and Separation of the Foundation of the Republic of Korea and Liberation in 1945

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper is motivated from the social debates which occurred in the first quarter of 2008 about the change of the title of the national holiday at 15th, August from Liberation Day to Founding Government Day. This paper examines the social and historical context of the debate through history.
The matter how to identify the situation of Korea in the late 1940s requires more detailed explanations of the political topography Korea occupied at the time. So to speak, according to varied definitions of the 15th, August, some would say it should be celebrated for liberation from 35-years Japanese occupation, or other would argue for the official foundation of an independent democratic government in Korean peninsula. There is also some group of people suggesting the 1945’s government was just a half-representative government built only in the South from 3/8 parallel.
According to their argument, the implication of the 15th, August National Holiday comes to have another phase. When we extend the viewpoints over the debate, it seems clear that the process of the foundation of the Republic of Korea contributes to this matter; the social debates over the identification of the 15th, August National Holiday was driven by some different political groups arguing over how the relationship between the Provisional Korean Government in China during the Japanese Occupation with the present Korean government can be established: the key is, therefore, on how to determine the relationship between two governments in the past and the present.
Taking close look at the platform of the Provisional Korean Government in Korea, it seems clear that the national platform of the government was not capitalist democracy, or communist revolution. Instead, the Provisional Government followed the principles which could have complement potential flaws of both ideological lines, capitalism and socialism. Having followed socialists independent movement during the Japanese occupation, the Provisional Government decided the issue of independence should be their priority, not the ideological identification, which required cooperation of the varied political parties. Based on this, the Korean Constitution was established: politically the democratic republic was pursued, and socio-economically many elements of the socialist democracy were introduced in it.
But the reality was different. The domestic and international political topography developed rather unexpectedly. As the 3/8 parallel became a division of Korean peninsula, political tension between North and South also deepened, which left out anti-communism and exclusive free market capitalism in the South without room for any varied political opinions. And some political events after division this phenomenon became internalization among Korean in South. In fact, the government which began its office in the 15th, August 1945, in South Korea was not an integrated government which represented both of South and North Korea.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper is motivated from the social debates which occurred in the first quarter of 2008 about the change of the title of the national holiday at 15th, August from Liberation Day to Founding Government Day. This paper examines the social and historical context of the debate through history.
The matter how to identify the situation of Korea in the late 1940s requires more detailed explanations of the political topography Korea occupied at the time. So to speak, according to varied definitions of the 15th, August, some would say it should be celebrated for liberation from 35-years Japanese occupation, or other would argue for the official foundation of an independent democratic government in Korean peninsula. There is also some group of people suggesting the 1945’s government was just a half-representative government built only in the South from 3/8 parallel.
According to their argument, the implication of the 15th, August National Holiday comes to have another phase. When we extend the viewpoints over the debate, it seems clear that the process of the foundation of the Republic of Korea contributes to this matter; the social debates over the identification of the 15th, August National Holiday was driven by some different political groups arguing over how the relationship between the Provisional Korean Government in China during the Japanese Occupation with the present Korean government can be established: the key is, therefore, on how to determine the relationship between two governments in the past and the present.
Taking close look at the platform of the Provisional Korean Government in Korea, it seems clear that the national platform of the government was not capitalist democracy, or communist revolution. Instead, the Provisional Government followed the principles which could have complement potential flaws of both ideological lines, capitalism and socialism. Having followed socialists independent movement during the Japanese occupation, the Provisional Government decided the issue of independence should be their priority, not the ideological identification, which required cooperation of the varied political parties. Based on this, the Korean Constitution was established: politically the democratic republic was pursued, and socio-economically many elements of the socialist democracy were introduced in it.
But the reality was different. The domestic and international political topography developed rather unexpectedly. As the 3/8 parallel became a division of Korean peninsula, political tension between North and South also deepened, which left out anti-communism and exclusive free market capitalism in the South without room for any varied political opinions. And some political events after division this phenomenon became internalization among Korean in South. In fact, the government which began its office in the 15th, August 1945, in South Korea was not an integrated government which represented both of South and North Korea.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 신주백, "해방인가, 광복인가? in : 역사용어 바로쓰기" 역사비평사 2006

2 이완범, "한국해방 3년사" 태학사 2007

3 박찬표, "한국의 국가 형성과 민주주의" 후마니타스 2007

4 "한국근·현대사 , 초·중·고등학교 사회과·국사과 교육과정 기준(1946~1997)" 교육부 2000

5 정병준, "우남 이승만 연구" 역사비평사 2005

6 서중석, "배반당한 한국민족주의" 성균관대학교 출판부 2004

7 허종, "반민특위의 조직과 활동" 선인 2003

8 김희곤, "대한민국 임시정부 연구" 지식산업사 2004

9 서희경, "대한민국 건국헌법의 역사적 기원(1898～1991)" 40 (40): 2006

10 신주백, "교과서포럼의 역사인식 비판: 한국 근현대사 교과서 비판에 대한 반론" 역사문제연구소 (76) : 181-214, 2006

11 이완범, "건국의 기점(起點)논쟁" 2008

12 김영호, "건국사관과 분단사관, 대한민국 건국 60년의 재인식" 기파랑 2008

13 서희경, "韓國制憲國會의 政治勢力 形成에 관한 연구: 일제 식민지 시기의 社會勢力과의 연관성을 중심으로" 한국정치외교사학회 26 (26): 351-390, 2004

14 金聖昊全敬植蔣尙煥朴錫斗, "農地改革史硏究" 韓國農村經濟硏究院 1989

15 신주백, "民族運動勢力の共和主義·共存意識の變化に關する試論, 世界の日本硏究 2002 4" 國際日本文化硏究センター 2003

16 兪鎭午, "憲法解義" 明世堂 1949

17 國會事務處議事局, "憲法" 國會法 沿革集 2000

18 韓詩俊, "大韓民國臨時政府法令集" 國家報勳處 1999

19 "大同團結의 宣言, 1917(≪韓國學論叢≫ 9, 1987 수록)"

20 趙東杰, "1910年代 獨立運動의 變遷과 特性, 韓國民族主義의 成立과 獨立運動史硏 究" 知識産業社 371-372, 1989

21 兪鎭午, "(新稿)憲法解義" 探究堂 1952