연구논문(硏究論文) : 한국 정부의 화전정리사업 전개과정과 화전민의 실태(1965-1979년) = A study on the process of Clearance Project for Hwajeon in South Korea government and Hwajeon-farmers` realities (From 1965 to 1979): The case of study Kangwon-do

국문 초록 (Abstract)

1966년 4월 23일 「화전정리에 관한 법률」 제정, 이 법률에 의해 화전정리사업이 전국적 규모로 확대되었다(제1기 화전정리사업). 이 같은 사업에도 불구하고 강원도를 시작으로, 전국 각지에서 자연재해에 의한 被災가 다수 발생함에 따라 정부에 의한 산림녹화?산림보호의 필요성이 고조되어 갔다. 1973년 정부는 산림녹화의 효율적 수행을 위해서 산림청을 내무부로 이관, 「치산녹화10개년 계획」을 발표하여 산림에의 액세스를 엄격히 단속하게 되었다. 또 같은 해 박정희가 영동고속도로 예정지를 순시했을 당시, 그는 화전·화전민 정리의 단계적 실시를 지시함과 동시에 산지개발에 의한 국토이용의 효율화를 중요시하였다. 그로 인해 1974년부터 본격적인 화전정리사업이 실시되었다(제2기 화전정리사업). 그러나 제2기 화전정리사업에 있어서도 한국 정부에 의한 화전민 대책은 불충분하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 1970년대 화전·화전민의 존재가 소멸함에 있어 큰 역할을 다한 것은 사회경제구조의 변화에 의한 노동시장의 확대이며, 그에 따른 농산물시장의 변화였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Compare with other provinces, Kangwon-do has a number of Hwajeon(slash-and-burn field) and Hwajeon-farmers(who illegally reclaim the mountain forests to do farming) in the 1960s. Hwajeon-farmers` cultivation accelerated forest destruction, and damage caused by natural disasters caused casualties. April 23, 1966 "Law of Clearance Project for Hwajeon" was enacted. By the laws, the country`s Hwajeon and Hwajeon-farmers Survey was conducted for the first time. Clearance Project for Hwajeon was expanded to national scale (Clearance Project for Hwajeon Stage 1). Despite these projects, damage, caused by natural disasters, appeared not only in Kangwon-do but also across the country. As a result, the government acknowledged the need for forest greenification and forest protection. Therefore, in 1973 the government transferred Korea Forest Service to Interior Ministry in order for the effective performance of forest greenification. Furthermore, the government announced "Forest conservation Project by 10 Years" which is a strictly restricted access in a forest. The same year, Park Chung-hee ordered the gradual implementation of Hwajeon and Hwajeon-farmers when he inspected the planned highway area; also he pointed the effective use of land was important through mountain development. And thereby the Clearance Project for Hwajeon was conducted by full-scale Project (Clearance Project for Hwajeon Stage2) since 1974. However, alternatives to stabilize the Hwajeon-farmers` livehood were insufficient even though Clearance Project for Hwajeon set on Stage 2. Nevertheless, in 1970 the existence of Hwajeon and Hwajeon-farmers disappeared. This phenomenon resulted from changing the social and economic structure which were the expansion of the labor market and changes in agricultural markets, respectively.