新羅澈鑒禪師塔과 塔碑에 대한 考察 : 그 造形樣式을 中心으로 = A Study on the Stone Stupa of Seon Priest Cheol-gam of Silla and on the Stone Monument thereto

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Buddhist temple Ssang-bong-sa(雙峯寺) at Jeung-ri, I-yangmyon, Hwa-soon-kun, Challa Namdo was founded by Priest Cheol-gam(澈鑒) of the Seon sect(禪宗) in later Unified Silla period. There on the premises remain today, in part or whole, the stone stupa dedicated to Priest Cheol-gam, a stone monument thereto, and the hall Dae-ung-jeon(大雄殿) of a wooden stupa fashion. Now Priest Cheol-gam was born in the l4th year (798 A.D.) of King Won-seong(元聖王) and died in the eighth year (868 A.D.) of King Gyeong-mun(景文王) of Silla. He was the very founding father of the Mount Sa-ja headquarters(獅子山門), one of the nine head temples of the Seon sect in Silla. Because the body of the monument to Priest Cheol-gam does not remain any longer, there is no way to ascertain the exact date of the erection of this stone stupa, but the date can not have been later than the reign of Queen Jin-seong (眞聖女王), for according to the epitaph on the monument by Priest Jeol-joong (折中), a founder of the Mount Sa-ja headquarters and also one of the disciples of Priest Cheol-gam, the stupa had already existed in the reign of the queen. Therefore, it is one of the oldest stone stupas remaining today, probably only next to that famed stupa for Priest Yeom-geo(廉居和尙塔) from the site of the Buddhist temple Heung-beob-sa(興法寺). Looking over the stone stupa, we find male and female tiles decorated on the end tips of the slab of stone which forms the roof, and round columns with strong entasis and their particular head parts on the eight corners of the body of the stupa, which all represent concretely a style of wooden frame-work. In its construction, it represents a peculiar style in that the lower stratum of the lower part of the foundation is circular, its upper stratum octagonal, with the support respectively for the middle and upper parts of the foundation. The incense burner on the underside of the roof slab, the almost three dimensional sculpture of the Deva on the trunk of the stupa, the support pillars of a form of a child on the eight corners of the stupa, and the engraving of cloud-and-dragon figures on the lower stratum of the lower part, all these are decorations of newer fashions. Not merely these, but the various other engravings of figures are such as nothing or few of th like can be found in other stupas. The monument to the stupa, as has been said above, lacks its body now, but the tortoise, constituting the foundation part of the monument, looks very much lifelike, with its forefoot raised slightly as if to be on a forward move. The decorated head part has three ornamental globes on the upper side, and some exquisite figures of cirrus round on the lower part. In short, this is quite out of the established formulae of the days. Now that no wooden construction of Unified Silla period remains today, this stupa for Priest Cheol-gam in Sang-bong-sa is noted as a very important source for stduy of the history of construction of Korea. Also, this stone stupa, with its new designs in its various parts and the engravings hardly rivaled by other stupas, is the most beautiful of all remaining today, and it served as a model for many stupas erected in later days. The stone monument to the stupa also can be said to have served as a model for later monuments with its novel pattern and designs hardly to be seen in others.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序言
• Ⅱ. 澈鑒禪師의 行蹟
• Ⅲ. 澈鑒禪師塔
• Ⅳ. 澈鑒禪師塔碑
• Ⅴ. 結語