The Crime of Rape in Mongolia－Criminal Law Framework and Preventive Measures－

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study focuses on sexual violence, which constitutes one of the most critical areas of inquiry within criminological research. The primary objective of criminology is to examine the causes and conditions of crime, develop systematic diagnoses, and formulate effective strategies for crime prevention and control. Contemporary criminological theories have increasingly shifted toward integrative and multidisciplinary approaches, emphasizing crime prevention and harm reduction on a broader societal scale rather than focusing exclusively on the identification of causal factors.
In the Republic of Korea, policies addressing sexual offenses have developed into a highly specialized and comprehensive regulatory framework. This evolution has been significantly influenced by the women’s rights movement, the increasing integration of gender-sensitive perspectives within society, and sustained public demand for stronger institutional responses to sexual violence. In particular, enhanced legal protections for minors, the imposition of stricter penalties for repeat offenders, and the establishment of specific legal provisions addressing sexual violence involving abuse of authority demonstrate a relatively high level of social and institutional consensus in this policy domain.
In contrast, the regulatory framework governing sexual offenses in Mongolia remains comparatively general in scope and continues to be shaped, to some extent, by traditional cultural norms, family-oriented values, and relatively conservative social attitudes. In recent years, however, public awareness regarding child protection and sexual violence prevention has increased, accompanied by legislative reforms aimed at strengthening criminal sanctions. Despite these developments, there remains a continuing need to further enhance public understanding, victim protection mechanisms, and the integration of gender-sensitive approaches within both legal and institutional systems.
With the evolution of modern penal systems, imprisonment has become the predominant form of criminal punishment. Nevertheless, there is ongoing scholarly and policy debate regarding the reliance on uniform punitive measures in response to the diverse nature of criminal conduct.
From this perspective, it is imperative for Mongolia to further develop and refine proportionate and diversified sentencing mechanisms. Such measures may include strengthened crime prevention policies, offender registration and public disclosure systems, court-mandated electronic monitoring for real-time location tracking, and chemical castration for high-risk offenders. In this regard, a comprehensive and critical examination of the Republic of Korea’s practical experience and crime prevention strategies in this field would provide valuable policy insights.