Comparative transcriptome analysis of spinach in response to insect herbivory

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

To understand the defense mechanisms of spinach against insect attack at the molecular level, RNA-seq was used to compare the transcriptome of spinach leaves exposed to beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua Hübner) larvae with that of unexposed control leaves. In total, 37,256 unigenes with an average length of 1134 bp were produced after de novo assembly of clean reads from two libraries. Based on mapping of the reads generated from each library to the unigenes, 1412 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the insect-fed spinach leaves, including 1252 and 160 genes that were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. A MapMan analysis of the DEGs revealed that 206 genes were associated with abiotic (14 genes) and biotic (192 genes) stress responses. Based on these results, 107 and 7 DEGs with log2 fold changes ≥ 5 and 10, respectively, were identified. Notably, six of the seven highly over-expressed DEGs (WAK2-1, CAM3, CAM5-1, CAM6-1, CAM6-2 and CPK17-1) were associated with calcium ion (Ca2+) signaling. Moreover, these genes were highly co-over- expressed with several ECA (endoplasmic reticulum-type calcium-transporting-ATPase) genes known to be involved in Ca2+ transport, indicating that the Ca2+ signaling cascade plays an important role in the defense of spinach against insect attack.

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