Third order non-linear optical materials are one of the key materials enabling the establishment of all-optical devices which would be a eventual direction for ultra-high speed transmitting, manipulating and storing of massive information via controll...
Third order non-linear optical materials are one of the key materials enabling the establishment of all-optical devices which would be a eventual direction for ultra-high speed transmitting, manipulating and storing of massive information via controlling the light signal by light itself without transforming the light signal into electrical signal. Since the first reports on non-linear behaviors of the nano-composite materials in the middle of 80s, in which metal or semiconductor nano particles are dispersed, they have been extracted a great attention due to the expectation of providing a way of overcoming the physical limits of monolithic materials by way of dielectric confinement or quantum confinement effect, respectively.
The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of applying the nano-composite materials for all-optical switching device on the basis of developing the fabrication technology and the analysis technology of linear/waveguiding optical characteristics of Au nano particle dispersed nano-composite materials, which exhibit large third order non-linearity, and are expected to have superior thermo-chemical stability as well as ultra-high speed response time unlike semiconducting nano particles whose response time depends on real carrier transition.
A fabrication method of nano-composite thin films called digital sputtering, by which the control of the metal nano-cluster size in the range of 1-10 nm as well as the volume fraction of metal was possible, was used. Digital sputtering utilizes the idea of island formation and growth mechanism of metal films based on Volmer-Wever type together with the idea of temperature dependent island growth.
Effective medium theory using Maxwell-Garnett geometries in nano-composite films was studied to analyze the effect of matrix materials, nano particle materials, size and shape on optical properties of nano-composite films via examination of the local field factor and the dielectric confinement effect. The basic linear optical properties were analyzed using UV-visible spectrometer and spectroscopic ellipsometer, and a prism coupler technique and an angle dependent photometry which enabled direct determination of optical constants with precision down to four decimal places even without applying dispersion models were also developed.
In order to confirm the possibility of realizing the optical switch, Au:SiO₂ nano-composite films with 1% Au volume fraction and thickness of 3-4 μm, which had both an enhanced resonance characteristics and a low absorption at communication band stemming from increased particle size, were fabricated by controlling deposition temperature at 300oC and tested. It was shown that both scattering loss by nano-particles and absorption loss at communication wavelength was negligibly small, and that single mode of signal beam propagation was formed in slap type waveguide for the first time.
In this study, we had come up with an idea of overcoming the problem of absorption loss which had been considered as the biggest obstacle in realizing optical device made of nano-composite materials. This idea was based on the pump-probe optical switching based on prism coupler, and was confirmed by using simulation. It was also shown that cross-modulation of signal beam by pump beam was possible in pump-probe optical switching experimental set-up. Furthermore, the obtained response time of 190 fs for Au:SiO₂ nanocomposite film, which were measured by using optical kerr gate system.