Concentrated on the Yongsan railway station newly constructed in 2004 by private capital system, this thesis analyzes a decision process and a space organization of the programs and interprets space changes of railway station focusing on concourse, a ...
Concentrated on the Yongsan railway station newly constructed in 2004 by private capital system, this thesis analyzes a decision process and a space organization of the programs and interprets space changes of railway station focusing on concourse, a service space of station. (we refer to the Yongsan Railway Station by Private Capital System as Yongsan Station from now on)
As the first station of a high-speed railway in Korea, the Yongsan station was newly built at that time when Korea inaugurated the era of the high-speed railway as the fifth nation in the world. The Yongsan station is a good example exhibiting the trait of the development of private capital station since 1990's and the spatial transformation of station as the result of high-speed railway's open in 2003.
Former researches have remained in analysis about the profitability of a development business of private capital station or railway station areas and the side of a system improvement. And besides, in the researches including spatial analysis, so the cases remained only as macro analysis that they also had limitations of concrete spatial analysis of the station building that belongs to a special design work conducted in the upper air of rail.
After 90's, it became essential to mix the programs and enlarge the scale of a commercial part for redemption of the cost. As opposed to claim on the increase of scale, however, the developable ground is restricted because of railway in the back side of station building. It is the kernel of its space organization in 90's the solution for a conflicting phenomenon between the demanded scale and the required space, especially the issue about ways of combination concourse with commercial.
Stood on the upper facts, the analysis about the decision process and the spatial composition of programs of the Yongsan station building was concluded as the following.
1. The Yongsan station is an enormous structure with 272,000 ㎡ (82,000 pyeong) in the gross area, 3 stories below and 9 above the ground. That is 200 times more than the previous Yongsan station. This scale is the maximum when the facility of service for station was calculated at about 27,000㎡(8,000 pyeong). The rest, nearly around 240,000㎡(74,000 pyeong), is a commercial space and a parking place, which is twice as large as the COEX mall(36,000pyeong) that is a huge multiplex. This building was the greatest electronic store in the East in Sep. 2004 according to recommendation of the district unit plan for sale and trade, but the station was reborn as ‘I-Park Mall’ after Oct. 2005. Now, the spaces for shopping, entertainment and culture of the I-Park Mall are operated by a form of trust management that is similar to the direct management of the department store.
2. Because 77% of the land is railway, the front square of Yongsan station takes the shape of thin band whose length and breadth ratio is just 1/5. Although the front square and the railway are commonly on the first floor, the service space of station is on the third floor due to the narrow space of the front side. So we have to goup and down the ??1^(st)floor-3^(rd)floor-1^(st)floor in order to board the train.
For the shortage of the underground space, parking lots are arranged on the upper air of rail. The distances of pillars between the east and the west are irregular as minimum 15.9m to maximum 24.45m, and they are beyond 1.5~2 times more as wide as the distances of pillars between the north and the south. In addition, the construction work followed the step-by-step process because of the railway's trait indicating that trains must be ceaselessly operated. Subsequently, total four places of expansion joint included traces of temporary platforms in the south border of concourse have pillars in two lines.
3. The spaces for station service are horizontally and perpendicularly located in the center, but we confirmed that the original functions of station service have been damaged through the station square, concourse and platform. The design guide of a railroad structure is encouraging the station and platforms to be located in the heart of the site, so the service place of the Yongsan station is horizontally and perpendicularly middle of the ground. The frontal square and the waiting room are vertically connected with the concourse of the third floor. The frontal square was weakened because the circumstance for movement to the train changed from horizontal to vertical direction. The concourse has some problems such as the excessiveness caused by absorbing function of the frontal square and the waiting room because of vertical movement, the confusion owing to the inflow of the movement path of both subway passenger and commercial visitor, the shortage of standby seats and the insufficiency of connectivity and sense of open by reason of the arrangement surrounded by the building in all directions. The platform is lacking in sense of open due to the two added parking garage and the space that is lowered 7~10m from the ground. For the concourse's complement of the station service, the link of the frontal square with the waiting room of the forth floor and the partition of subway and train realms must be definite.
As we have been studied, the Yongsan station is the first station for a high-speed railway that is newly built by private capital system and a large-scale complex structure utilizing the upper air of rail. In the process of a design, it followed the design guideline of a railroad structure as to have the spaces for station service are in the center. But spaces for station service doesn't fully function due to the collision with the commercial faculty visitor's path and the shortage of the passengers's standby space. The spaces(concourse) should be organized the center in the function rather than the center of horizontal and parallel in the position.
With the instruction of a modern structure established by the way of development of private capital station, the character of station building have changed from a passenger's space for a while stay to a space for various function such as shopping and leisure. It means that a supply subject of the station building is changed from public to private. As a result, in the proportion of program, the relationship of station service part and commercial become reversed, and the station building get mixed and magnified. However, in the process of the railway station design, satisfying the essential demands of the space for station service and organizing the spaces for multi-program based on it are still considered more important.