Variable population prevalence estimates of germline TP53 variants: A gnomAD‐based analysis

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Reports of variable cancer penetrance in Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) have raised questions regarding the prevalence of pathogenic germline TP53 variants. We previously reported higher‐than‐expected population prevalence estimates in sequencing databases composed of individuals unselected for cancer history. This study aimed to expand and further evaluate the prevalence of pathogenic and likely pathogenic germline TP53 variants in the gnomAD dataset (version r2.0.2, n = 138,632). Variants were selected and classified based on our previously published algorithm and compared with alternative estimates based on three different classification databases: ClinVar, HGMD, and the UMD_TP53 database. Conservative prevalence estimates of pathogenic and likely pathogenic TP53 variants were within the range of one carrier in 3,555–5,476 individuals. Less stringent classification increased the approximate prevalence to one carrier in every 400–865 individuals, mainly due to the inclusion of the controvertible p.N235S, p.V31I, and p.R290H variants. This study shows a higher‐than‐expected population prevalence of pathogenic and likely pathogenic germline TP53 variants even with the most conservative estimates. However, these estimates may not necessarily reflect the prevalence of the classical LFS phenotype, which is based upon family history of cancer. Comprehensive approaches are needed to better understand the interplay of germline TP53 variant classification, prevalence estimates, cancer penetrance, and LFS‐associated phenotype.
gnomAD‐based analysis suggests that the population prevalence of pathogenic and likely pathogenic germline TP53 variants range from 1 carrier in 400 to 5,500 individuals due to differences in variant classification. These estimates may not necessarily reflect the prevalence of Li‐Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), which is based upon family history of cancer. We encourage comprehensive approaches to better understand the interplay of germline TP53 variant classification, prevalence estimates, cancer penetrance, and LFS‐associated phenotypes.