중국 민족주의 상황과 전망 = The Situation & Prospect of Chinese Nationalism

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 중국의 민족주의 역사, 민족주의 성격과 변천, 민족주의 발생원인, 그리고 동북아에 대한 중국의 민족주의를 연구해본 것이다.중국은 1840년 이후 서방 열강의 공세적침략적약탈적인 자산계급 민족주의로 인해 반식민지(半植民地)에 떨어지고 열강에 저항하는 약소국의 민족주의를 발휘하다가 중국공산당을 중심으로 국내 각 민족의 단결을 기초로 열강에 대한 저항하는 무산계급 민족주의를 고취했다. 중화인민공화국 건립이후에는 제3세계와 단결하여 미소 패권주의에 반대하는 공세적인 민족주의를 발전시킨다. 그러다가 1978년 개혁개방과 더불어 세계화와 자기인식, 1989~1991년 동유럽과 소련의 사회주의체제의 붕괴, 그리고 미일로부터의 위협과 무시로 인해 중국은 ‘도광양회(韜光養晦), 유소작위(有所作爲)’의 외교방침하에 애국주의와 국제주의를 결합한 저항적이면서도 상생적협력적이성적인 민족주의를 발휘하고 있다. 이런 민족주의에 기초하여 국내적으로는 부강민주문명을 갖춘 현대화된 ‘중국특색의 사회주의’(中國特色的社會主義) 강국을 건설하여 ‘중화민족의 위대한 부흥’(中華民族偉大的復興)을 실현하자고 외치고 있고, 국제적으로는 미일한국북한대만에 적극 대응하고 있어 국력의 증대와 함께 점차 이웃을 위협하는 전통적인 중화주의(中華主義)로 나아갈 가능성을 배제할 수 없게 되었다. 이에 중국과 이웃하고 있는 한국은 중국이 위협적이거나 자국의 이익만을 우선시하는 대국패권주의(大國權主義)나 협애민족주의(狹隘民族主義)를 발휘하는 것을 막아 상생적실용적협력적이성적 민족주의를 발휘하도록 많은 노력을 기우려야 할 것이며, 이를 위해 한중일간에 정치협상기구(政治協商機構)같은 것을 설치하여 마찰과 갈등을 최소화해야 할 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Situation & Prospect of Chinese Nationalism

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