Underlying Problems and Solutions relating to the Increasing Workload of the ECtHR in view of Protocol No. 14

국문 초록 (Abstract)

UN 창설 이후, 국제사회는 평화와 인권 보존에 보다 많은 관심을 갖게 되었다. 인권법의 발전과 함께, 개인이 국제법상 주체로 인정될 수 있음을 주장하는 학자들도 점차 늘어났다.
특히, 유럽인권협약은 인권을 침해당한 피해자들에게 법적 구제를 제공하는 개인청원제도를 실시하고 있는 덕택에 국제인권감독체제 중에서 가장 효과적인 인권보호체제로 인식되고 있다. 그러나 유럽심의회 회원국이 47개로 늘어나고, 점차 유럽인들 사이에 개인청원이 보편화되면서 최근 수년간에 걸쳐 개인청원의 수가 급격히 증가하였고, 이는 결국 유럽인권재판소의 효율성에 심각한 위협 요소가 되었다.
이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여, 현인그룹(Group of Wise Persons)은 2006년 유럽인권협약에 내재된 기본 철학은 고수하면서, 동 협약의 감독체제의 장기적 효율성을 보장하기 위한 제안을 담은 보고서를 발간하였다. 또한, 유럽심의회는 2004년 제14의정서, 2009년 마드리드 협정, 2009년 제14의2의정서와 같은 조약을 채택하였다.
조약 채택 이외에도, 개인청원의 효율성을 보장하기 위하여 개인의 실체적 권리를 제한하지 않고 오히려 강화하도록 제소적격의 흠결 심사를 전담하는 유럽인권일심재판소를 설립할 수 있을 것이다. 또 다른 해결책으로 국내적 차원에서 사법 및 행정당국을 상대로 인권교육을 실시하고, 유럽인권재판소 결정을 이행하는 국내조치를 마련하도록 할 수 있다. 그리고 헌법론자들은 판결의 대세적 효력을 증진시키고, 재판소에 보다 헌법적 권한을 부여함으로써 업무 부담을 줄일 수 있다고 주장한다.
결국 추가의정서와 재판소 판례에 의해 계속해서 발전되고 개선되어 온것처럼, 유럽인권보호체제가 개혁의 개혁 및 추가 개혁이 필요하다는 사실에 많은 학자들은 동의하고 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since the establishment of the UN, international society became very anxious for the preservation of peace and human rights. As a result of the development of human rights law, more and more scholars insist that individuals have been recognised as the subject of international law.
In particular, the European Convention on Human Rights can be said to be the most effective human rights protection mechanism since individual application under the Convention provides human rights victims with legal remedies. However, as the member states of the Council of Europe rose to 47 and the Europeans have became more accustomed to resorting to individual applications for legal remedies, the number of cases concerning individual applications has increased continuously over the years and it posed a serious threat to the effectiveness of the European Court of Human Rights.
With a view to solving these problems, in 2006, the Group of Wise Persons issued a final report to make proposals for guaranteeing the long-term effectiveness of the control system under the ECHR, while securing the basic philosophy underlying the ECHR. Besides, the Council of Europe adopted several treaties such as Protocol No. 14 to the ECHR of 2004, Agreement of Madrid of 2009 and Protocol No. 14bis to the ECHR of 2009.
In addition to the adoption of Protocol, it would be better to create the European Lower Court of Human Rights that will examine only the admissibility of a case, in order to ensure the effectiveness of individual application under the Convention without placing restrictions on the substantial rights of individuals but to strengthen it. Another solution would be to educate human rights to the judicial and administrative authorities at the domestic level and provide national measures to enforce the decisions of the ECtHR. Moreover, the constitutionalists claim that it can decrease caseloads by improving erga omnes effects of the judgments and giving more constitutional power to the Court.
Finally, many scholars agree that the European human rights protection system requires the reform of the reform and further reform, as continuously developed and improved by the additional Protocols and the jurisprudence of the ECtHR.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. Introduction
• Ⅱ. ECHR as Human Rights Protection Mechanism
• Ⅲ. Reform and Problems of Protocol No. 14
• Ⅳ. Other Solutions to Improve Effectiveness
• Ⅴ. Conclusion
• ABSTRACT
• 국문초록

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