미국 최초의 공업도시 로웰의 성쇠와 재생 = Rise, Fall and Renewal of Lowell, Massachusetts: The First Industrial City of the United States

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Lowell, Massachusetts became the first industrial city using the water power during the 1820s. Textile industry at that time played the role of locomotive for industrialization through the expansion of manufacturing employment. However, relying entirely on the textile industry, Lowell started to decline owing to the technological advances elsewhere and industrial restructuring during the 1920s. After the depression of several decades, Lowell found the turning-point for urban renewal in the historic and cultural assets. Based on the history of textile industry, Lowell National Historical Park was founded through federal legislation. According to this legislation, Lowell could receive the fund from federal and state governments to renovate and preserve the old textile factories and commercial buildings in downtown. Lowell City remodeled old factories into residential units and office space and recruited tenants. In order to allure venture businesses to the remodeled factory buildings, the city government offered tax incentives and bank loans. Some other textile factories were remodeled into industrial history museums or galleries in order to attract tourists. At last, Lowell became a successful city in urban renewal through deindustrialization and service economies. Urban renewal requires various techniques to revitalize the community and to improve the welfare of residents instead of uniform demolition and redevelopment of old houses and buildings. Comprehensive approach and public-private partnerships are important in the implementation of urban renewal projects.