한국토종닭의 깃털 발육성 반성 유전자를 이용한 자가성감별 계통 조성

국문 초록 (Abstract)

최근 병아리의 성 감별은 닭의 반성유전자를 이용한 깃털 감별법이 산업적으로 널리 이용되고 있으나, 한국토종닭에서는 아직 깃털 감별법이 활용되지 않고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 한국토종닭의 깃털 감별의 산업적 적용을 위하여 닭의 조우성과 만우성 유전자를 이용한 자가성감별 계통을 조성하고자 한 것이다. 기초 계군으로 한국재래닭 적갈색종 557수를 대상으로 하여 조우성과 만우성의 유전자 빈도를 분석한 결과, 각각 0.814와 0.186으로 추정되어 본 집단으로 깃털자가성감별 계통의 구축이 가능한 것으로 판단되었고, 이를 바탕으로 조우성 부계통과 만우성 모계통의 종계 계군을 조성하였다. 모계통 조성에 이용할 만우성 동형접합체(KK) 수컷 선발을 위하여 검정교배를 실시한 결과 40수 중 3수가 동형접합개체로 확인되었다. 조우성 종계와 만우성 종계 간의 생산능력을 비교하기 위하여 생존율, 체중, 초산일령, 산란율 및 난중을 분석한 결과, 조우성 닭은 생존율이 우수하였고, 만우성 닭은 산란율이 우수한 것으로 나타났으나, 다른 생산능력에서는 조우성과 만우성 닭 간에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 더불어 조성된 깃털 자가성감별 계통으로부터 생산된 병아리의 암수 감별의 유효성을 검정한 결과, 98.6%의 감별 일치율을 보였다. 따라서 한국토종닭을 이용한 깃털 자가성감별계통 조성 가능성과 더불어 이의 산업적 활용 가능성을 제시한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Although feather-sexing using sex-linked genes related to feather development is a widely used chick sexing method in the poultry industry, the feather-sexing method has yet to be used for Korean native chickens (KNCs). The purpose of this study was to construct a KNC feather-sexing line using early-feathering (EF) and late-feathering (LF) genes for industrial application. Using 557 reddish-brown KNCs as the basal flock, frequencies of the EF (k) and LF (K) genes were estimated to be 0.814 and 0.186, respectively. This indicating that it would be feasible to construct a feather-sexing line using this chicken group, and we accordingly constructed EF paternal and LF maternal lines. On the basis of test-cross for the selection of LF homozygous (KK) males in the maternal line, we confirmed that three of 40 chickens were homozygous males. The survival rate, body weight, days at first egg-laying, hen-day egg production, and egg weight were analyzed to compare the production performance of EF and LF chickens. The results revealed that EF chickens were characterized by a superior survival rate, whereas LF chickens were superior in terms of egg production rate. However, no differences between LF and EF chickens were detected with respect to other production performance parameters. In addition, assessment of the fitness of sexed chicks produced in the established KNC feather-sexing lines revealed that the accuracy of sexing was 98.6%. Collectively, these findings indicate the feasibility of constructing effective KNC feather-sexing lines with potential industrial application.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• ABSTRACT
• 서론
• 재료 및 방법
• 결과 및 고찰
• 적요
• REFERENCES

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 방민희, "한국재래닭에 있어 조우성과 만우성 깃털의 발생 양상 및 형태적 특성 고찰" 한국가금학회 45 (45): 155-165, 2018

2 손시환, "한국재래닭 깃털 성감별 계통에 있어 조우성과 만우성이 개체의 생산능력에미치는 영향" 한국가금학회 40 (40): 263-270, 2013

3 김기곤, "토종종계에 있어 조우성 개체와 만우성 개체간 생산능력 비교 고찰" 한국가금학회 46 (46): 279-286, 2019

4 손시환, "자가성감별 계통 조성을 위한 국내 토종 닭의 깃털 조만성 양상과 유전자형 빈도" 한국축산학회 54 (54): 267-274, 2012

5 Masui, Kiyoshi, "The rudi- mental copulatory organ of the male domestic fowl with reference to the sexual differentiation of chickens" 1 (1): 3-15, 1925

6 Somes RG, "The influence of the rate of feathering allele K n on various quantitative traits in chickens" 49 (49): 1251-1256, 1970

7 Spillman WJ, "Spurious allelomorphism: results of some recent investigations" 42 (42): 610-615, 1908

8 Galli R, "Sexing of chicken eggs by fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy through the shell membrane. PLoS ONE 13(2):e0192554" 13 (13): e0192554-, 2018

9 Weissmann A, "Sexing domestic chicken before hatch: a new meth- od for in ovo gender identification" 80 (80): 199-205, 2013

10 Dunnington EA, "Sex-linked feathering alleles (K, k+) in chickens of diverse genetic backgrounds. 1. Body temperatures and body weights" 65 (65): 209-214, 1986

11 Henderson EW, "Sex identification by down color of sil- ver laced and “Red Laced Silver” chicks" 38 (38): 599-602, 1959

12 Martin JH, "Review the 'Sexing baby chicks by Masui and Hashimoto’" 13 (13): 190-, 1934

13 Clinton M, "Real-time sexing of chicken embryos and compatibility with in ovo protocols" 10 (10): 210-216, 2016

14 Elferink MG, "Partial duplication of the PRLR and SPEF2 genes at the late feathering locus in chicken" 9 : 391-, 2008

15 Alin K, "Non-invasive broiler chick embryo sexing based on opacity value of incubated egg" 158 : 30-35, 2019

16 Wilson HR, "Method of sexing day-old chicks"

17 Smith EJ, "Male-mediated venereal trans- mission of endogenous avian leukosis virus" 73 (73): 488-494, 1994

18 Bitgood JJ, "Linkage relationships of the Z-linked silver, slow feathering, and pop-eye loci" 78 (78): 1100-1101, 1999

19 Harris DL, "Influence of sex-linked feathering phenotypes of parents and progeny upon lymphoid leu- kosis virus infection status and egg production" 63 (63): 401-413, 1984

20 Lowe PC, "Independent effects of K and k+ alleles and maternal origin on mortality and perform- ance of crossbred chickens" 60 (60): 1123-1126, 1981

21 Lowe PC, "Harrington RB 1965 Association of some qualitative and quantitative traits in chickens" 44 (44): 106-112, 1965

22 O'Sullivan NP, "Growth and carcass characteristics of early- and late-feathering broilers reared under different feeding" 70 (70): 1323-1332, 1991

23 Steiner G, "Gender determina tion of fertilized unincubated chicken eggs by infrared spe ctroscopic imaging" 400 (400): 2775-2782, 2011

24 Aviagen Brand, "Feather sexing day-old chicks in the hat chery"

25 Havenstein GB, "Effects of genetic strain, slow verus rapid-feathering maternal genotype and cage density on the performance of Single Comb White Leghorns" 68 (68): 596-607, 1989

26 Khosravinia H, "Effect of the slow (K) or rapid (k+)feathering gene on growth performance and skeletal di- mensions of broiler chickens selected for cut up carcass value" 2 (2): 9-14, 2008

27 Fotsa JC, "Effect of the slow (K) or rapid (k+) feathering gene on body and feather growth and fatness according to ambient temperature in a Leghorn x brown egg type cross" 33 (33): 659-670, 2001

28 Nahashon SN, "Effect of the late-feathering or early-feathering genotypes on perform- ance and carcass traits of broiler chickens" 91 (91): 83-94, 2004

29 Ledvinka Z, "Effect of genotype, feather growth-rate gene and the age of hens on the egg quality" 20 (20): 1466-1471, 2014

30 Ledvinka Z, "Effect of genotype, age of hens and K/k allele on eggshell quality" 56 (56): 242-249, 2011

31 Mincheva N, "Effect of feathering alleles (K/k+) on laying performance, hatchability parameters and some body meas- urements in two lines of white plymouth rock hens" 28 (28): 405-414, 2012

32 Iraqi F, "Determination of the zygosity of ev21-K in late-feathering male White Leghorns using the polymerase chain reaction" 73 (73): 939-946, 1994

33 Goger H, "Determination effects of slow (K) and fast (k+) feathering gene on egg production and hatching traits in laying hens" 12 (12): 247-253, 2017

34 Somes RG, "Delayed feathering, a third allele at the K locus of the domestic fowl" 60 (60): 281-286, 1969

35 Serebrovsky AS, "Crossing-over involving three sex-linked genes in chickens" 56 (56): 571-572, 1922

36 Durmus I, "Comparison of rapid and slow feathering egg layers with respect to egg pro- duction and hatchability parameters" 5 (5): 66-71, 2010

37 Webster B, "Avian egg odour encodes information on embryo sex, fertility and development" 10 (10): e0116345-, 2015

38 Bacon LD, "Association of the slow feathering (K) and an endogenous viral (ev21) gene on the Z chromosome of chickens" 67 (67): 191-197, 1988

39 Merkley JW, "Association of rate-of-feathering genotypes in broilers with production and carcass compo- sition traits.: 2. effect of genotypes and diet on processing traits and lipid deposition" 67 (67): 914-919, 1988

40 Lowe PC, "Association of genotypes for rate of feathering in broilers with production and carcass composition traits: effect of genotypes, sex, and diet on growth and feed conversion" 65 (65): 1853-1858, 1986

41 Somes RG Jr, "A survey of possible asso- ciations between morphologic traits and resistance to Marek’s disease" 53 (53): 1675-1680, 1974

42 Iraqi F, "A restriction enzyme map of the sex-linked late-feathering locus of chickens" 74 (74): 1515-1519, 1995