THE IMPACT OF CHRISTIANITY ON MODERN KOREA : AN OVERVIEW

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Less than 30% of the South Korean population is Christian. Nevertheless, you cannot understand Korea’s modern religious culture unless you take into account the impact Christianity has had on how religion in general is defined today and on how modern religious communities, both Christian and non-Christian, express their beliefs and values. Over the last three centuries, due to the influence of Christianity, monotheism has become an important feature of Korea’s religious landscape. Moreover, Koreans are much more likely now than they were three centuries ago to form distinct communities composed of both clerics and laity who meet together on a regular basis to affirm their shared beliefs through communal ritual displays of those beliefs.
In addition, Christianity has had impact on the secular realm as well. The increased visibility of women in the public sphere today compared to the cloistered lives most of them lived in the Chosŏn dynasty is partially the result of Christianity both providing more formal education for women and also assigning women important tasks outside of the home. Moreover, the vibrant democracy we see in South Korea today would not have come about if Christians had not insisted that the state should not interfere in religious affairs, and if Christian faith had not inspired so many to fight authoritarian governments. For all those reasons, it is no exaggeration to say that it is impossible to understand modern Korean history without taking into account the role Christianity has played in making Korea what it is today.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract
• THE INTRODUCTION OF MONOTHEISM
• KOREA’S FIRST CONGREGATIONS
• THE FIRST VERNACULAR TERM FOR THE SUPREME GOD
• RELIGIOUS RITUAL BECOMES PARTICIPATORY
• CHANGES IN THE PUBLIC VISIBILITY OF WOMEN
• CONTRIBUTING TO THE BIRTH OF DEMOCRACY IN KOREA
• THE CHRISTIAN CONTRIBUTION TO MODERNIZATION
• EXPLAINING THE SUCCESS OF CHRISTIANITY IN KOREA
• REFERENCES

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 최종성, "숨은 천제(天祭) ― 조선후기 산간제천 자료를 중심으로 ―" 한국종교학회 (53) : 63-84, 2008

2 DON BAKER, "The Transformation of the Catholic Church in Korea: From a Missionary Church to an Indigenous Church" 종교연구소 4 (4): 11-42, 2013

3 Don Baker, "The Transformation of Confucianism in Contemporary Korea: How it has lost most of its metaphysical underpinnings and survives today primarily as ethical rhetoric and heritage rituals" 한국학연구원 (44) : 425-455, 2011

4 Don Baker, "The Religious Revolution in Modern Korean History: From ethics to theology and from ritual hegemony to religious freedom" 한국학중앙연구원 9 (9): 249-275, 2006

5 박정신, "The Protestant Church as a Political Training Ground in Modern Korea" 민족문화연구원 11 : 1-15, 2007

6 Baker, Don, "The Martyrdom of Paul Yun: Western Religion and Eastern Ritual in Eighteenth-century Korea" (54) : 33-58, 1979

7 Lee, Iksop, "The Korean Language" State University of New York Press 2000

8 박영신, "The Church as a Public Space:Resources, Practices, and Communicative Culture in Korea" 민족문화연구원 11 : 17-36, 2007

9 Beirne, Paul, "Su-un and His World of Symbols: The Founder of Korea’s First Indigenous Religion" Ashgate 2009

10 Catholic Bishops Conference of Korea, "Statistics of the Catholic Church in Korea 2014"

11 Oak, Sung-Deuk, "Sources of Korean Christianity: 1832–1945" Hanguk Kidokkyo yŏksa yŏnguso 2004

12 Lee, Peter H., "Sourcebook of Korean Civilization I: From Early Times to the Sixteenth Century" Columbia University Press 1993

13 Harkness, Nicholas, "Songs of Seoul: An Ethnography of Voice and Voicing in Christian South Korea" University of California Press 2014

14 문영석, "Sociological Implications of the Roman Catholic Conversion Boom in Korea" 유네스코한국위원회 51 (51): 143-175, 2011

15 Hoyt, James, "Soaring Phoenixes and Prancing Dragons: A Historical Survey of Korean Classical Literature" Jimoondang International 2000

16 Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism, "Sidobyŏl chonggyo ingu (2005-nyŏn ingu chongjosa) [The distribution by city and province of the religious population of Korea, according to the 2005 census]"

17 Kallander, George L, "Salvation through Dissent: Tonghak Heterodoxy and Early Modern Korea" University of Hawaii Press 2013

18 Buswell, Robert E. Jr, "Religions of Korea in Practice" Princeton University Press 470-475, 2007

19 Baker, Don, "Pathways into Korean Language and Culture: essays in honor of Young-key Kim-Renaud" Pagijong Press 2003

20 Pak Illo, "Nogye sŏnsaeng munjip [The collected works of Pak Illo]" DB of Korean classics

21 Baldacchino, Jean-Paul, "Markets of piety and pious markets: The Protestant ethic and the spirit of Korean capitalism" 59 : 367-385, 2012

22 Lee-Ellen Strawn, "Korean Bible Women’s Success: Using the Anbang Network and the Religious Authority of the Mudang" 종교연구소 3 (3): 117-149, 2012

23 Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism, "Hanguk ŭi chonggyo hyŏnhwang [The current situation of religion in Korea]" Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism 2011

24 Kim Taegon, "Hanguk musok yŏngu [Studies on the Korea’s folk beliefs]" Chimmundang 1981

25 Kim Kyŏngtak, "Hanguk munhwasa taegye [A Survey of the Cultural History of Korea] VI" Korea University’s Center for the Study of Korean Culture 115-176, 1971

26 No Yongpil, "Hanguk Chŏnju kyohoesa ŭi yŏngu [A study of the history of the Catholic Church in Korea]" Hanguk sahak 2008

27 Gallup Korea, "Hangugin ŭi chonggyo 1984–2014 [The Religion of Koreans 1984–2014]" Gallup Korea 1984

28 Don Baker, "Hananim, Hanunim, Hanullim, and Hanollim: The Construction of Terminology for Korean Monotheism" 한국학중앙연구원 5 (5): 105-131, 2002

29 Young, Carl F, "Eastern Leaning and the Heavenly Way: The Tonghak and Chŏndogyo Movements and the Twilight of Korean Independence" University of Hawaii Press 2014

30 Chong, Kelly H, "Deliverance and Submission: Evangelical Women and the Negotiation of Patriarchy in South Korea" Harvard University Asia Center 2008

31 Murayama Chijun, "Chōsen no kishin [The spirits of Chosen]" Kokusho kankokai 1979

32 Baker, Don, "Christianity in Korea" University of Hawaii Press 2005

33 Ledyard, Gari, "Christianity in Korea" University of Hawaii Press 2006

34 Moon, Okpyo, "Ancestors Becoming Children of God: Ritual Clashes between Confucian Tradition and Christianity in Contemporary Korea" 38 (38): 148-177, 1998

35 Lee, Won Gue, "A Sociological Study on the Factors of Church Growth and Decline in Korea" 39 (39): 235-269, 1999

36 Kim, Sebastian C. H, "A History of Korean Christianity" Cambridge University Press 2015