대학생용 기업가정신 성향지표 및 역량지표의 개발과 타당화 = Development and Validation of Indicators to Measure Entrepreneurial Mindset and Competency Scales for College Students

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 대학생에게 요구되는 기업가정신을 정의하고 개인적 차원의 기업가정신 수준을 측정할 수 있는 도구를 개발하는 데 목적을 두었다. 대학의 기업가정신 교육에서는 기업가의 성격적 측면만이 아니라 진보적인 사고체계와 행동 양식을 포함하는 역량 개념으로 기업가정신을 정의하고 가치를 창조하며 축적하는 성향과 능력에 초점을 두어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존 문헌들을 바탕으로 기업가정신성향의 5개 하위요인(혁신성, 성취욕구, 위험감수성, 자율성, 진취성)을 구성하는 19개 문항과 기업가정신 역량의 4개 하위요인(문제해결 역량, 대인관계 역량, 아이디어도출 역량, 경영지식)을 구성하는 18개 문항을 각각 포함하는 기업가정신 성향지표와 역량지표를 개발하였다. 온라인 설문에 자발적으로 참여한 서울 소재 한 사립대학 학생 317명의 응답을 자료로 하여 기업가정신 성향 및 역량지표에 대한 신뢰도 분석과 타당도의 다양한 근거들을 수집하였다. 그 결과, 기업가정신 성향지표와 역량지표는 전반적으로 적절한 문항내적일관성 신뢰도를 가지는 것으로 확인하였고, 문항내용에 근거한 기업가정신 성향지표와 역량지표의 내적구조는 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석을 통해 타당도의 근거가 확인되었다. 또한 기업가정신 성향지표와 역량지표는 창업 의지가 확고하고 높을수록 더 큰 상관계수를 보였고, 이는 예측타당도의 근거로 판단할 수 있다. 결론적으로 본 연구를 통해 신뢰도와 다양한 타당도의 근거가 확인된 대학생용 기업가정신 성향지표와 역량지표는 향후 기업가정신 교육 설계와 운영 및 효과성 검증을 위한 측정도구로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 연구의 후반부에서는 본 연구의 의의와 제한점에 대한 논의를 하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of the study is to operationally define entrepreneurial mindset and competencies needed for college students while developing measurement scales to measure them. The focus of the entrepreneurship education for college student should lie in entrepreneurship as the momentum of value-creation and value- cumulation ability including progressive mindset and actions as well as personal attributes. Hence, the study developed the Entrepreneurial Mindset scale and the Entrepreneurial Competency scale based on literature. The Entrepreneurial Mindset is composed of five sub-factors (i.e., innovativeness, need for achievement, risk -taking, autonomy, and proactiveness) with 19 measurement items while the Entrepreneurial Competency scale is made up of four sub-factors (i.e., problem-solving competency, interpersonal competency, idea- creating competency, and knowledge on business). A total of 317 college students’ responses to the online Survey including the Entrepreneurial Mindset and Competency Scales were collected for data analyses. We conducted analyses on internal-consistency reliability and found adequacy score reliability for both scales. We also collected the evidences for structural validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The initial correlated five-factor model was supported for the Entrepreneurial Mindset scale. For the Entrepreneurial Competency scale, the correlated four-factor model with the correlations between two pairs of items was supported. In addition, both scales have significant correlations with the three-levels of entrepreneurial intention as the evidence for predictive validity. Interestingly both scales have higher predictability as the level of entrepreneurial intention gets higher. Our expectation is that the developed and validated Entrepreneurial Mindset and Competency Scales are widely used for screening and measuring college students’ level of entrepreneurship while being utilized for entrepreneurial curriculum development. We discussed the contributions and limitations of the study while providing suggestions for future studies.

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