The aim of this study was to examine the modem music of Manchuria - a state existed in the northeastern area of China for a period from 1932 to 1948. Especially examined were the content and characteristic of the Governing Principle of Art and literat...
The aim of this study was to examine the modem music of Manchuria - a state existed in the northeastern area of China for a period from 1932 to 1948. Especially examined were the content and characteristic of the Governing Principle of Art and literature, published by Manchurian Government in 1941, and the development of Manchurian music policy, centering on the organization of a music band on the basis of the Principle and the commemorative musical program of the 10th anniversary of national foundation of Manchuria. In the 2 part, the development of anti-Japanese music was examined centering on Korean musicians' activities in Manchuria who were resting on the basis of Manchurian music policy. This study was to establish national identity of Korea. It is because Korean musicians, who took part in musical activities in Manchuria based on Japanese policy of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, had consistent influence upon domestic music bands. They had influence upon Japanese foundation of Manchurian Government and emigration policy, and industrial sites of South China, Central China, and North China, through their exchange activities with others in Manchuria. However, most importantly, they had influence upon the policy-making of Japanese national music through their consolatory performances for the Guangdong Army and created anti-Japanese music in that region.
As to preceding studies on this theme, there is none in Korea, but there are some in Japan and China, such as Iwano Yuichi’s The Symphony Orchestra of the Royal Paradise: The Unknown History of Music in Mmchuria(滿洲-知られざる音楽史, 王道楽士の交響楽) published recently, However, they are all insufficient. A representative pre-War study on the modem Manchurian music is Tanabe Hisao’s The Greater East Asia Music, which is based on the cultural establishment of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere and is carried out as a part of the Greater East Asia Music studies. In addition to that, there is also Tsunashiro Eizō’s Music in Manchuria.
This study consists of two chapters by and large. The first chapter deals with the background, content, and characteristic of the Governing Principle of Art and literature - a base of Manchurian music policy. The second chapter deals with the development of Manchurian modem music and the organization of Manchurian music bands according to the Principle. The second chapter consists of the HsinKing(Traditional Chinese 長春) Music Society and its HsinKing Orchestra, the organization of Manchurian Composer Association and its members' compositional activities, the composition of commemorative song for the 10th anniversary of Manchurian national foundation and the institution of the Manchurian national anthem, and the publication of commemorative songs for the 10th anniversary of Manchurian national foundation. In the appendix, there is the Governing Principle of Art and literature in Japanese and Korean.
Based on the Governing Principle of Art and Literature, published in March 1941, Manchurian Government organized a music band and carried out a practical cultural and artistic policy to establish 'the Five Race-Cooperative Royal Heaven' as the symbol of national foundation. This Principle was enacted by the Public Relation Office of the Ministry of Manchurian Government Administration-a governmental agency similar to Japanese Intelligence Bureau-with the support of the Manchurian State Council, the Manchurian Cooperative Association, and the Gwandong Army, and made the Japanese establishment of the Japan-Manchuria-oriented Greater East Asia Co- Prosperity Sphere possible.
Based on the Principle, 'Manchurian Troupe Association' was organized in July 1941, and it was followed by the establishment of 'Manchurian Literary Men’s Association', 'Manchurian Artists Association', and 'Manchurian Cultural and Artistic League' - a liaison entity of other cultural and artistic entities. The 'Manchurian Cultural and Artistic League' could develop the music of the new Manchurian state that aiming to construct an intensive military state in Manchuria. And with the arrangement of musical terminology, starting of 'the Musician Training School' of 'the HsinKing(新京) Music Institute', enactment of Manchurian national anthem, and the commemorative events of the 10th anniversary of Manchurian national foundation, Japanese and Korean musicians constructed Japanese Orientalism-based New Asian System, centering on 'the Manchurian Composer Association' of 'the Manchurian Music Band Association'. It was the realization of 'the Governing Principle of Art and Literature'. Under these circumstances, 'the Concord of Five Nnations' musicians, especially Korean musicians, such as Kim Dong-jin(金東振), were carried out their musical activities in Manchuria. Their purpose was to realize both the Manchurian cultural and artistic policy and the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere policy, by means of reshuffling the music of five races - Korea, Japan, China, Mongolia Russia - centering on Japanese music. It was an attempt to construct the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere through the establishment of japanese-Manchurian national music on the basis of completing the Manchurian Royal Heaven music.