The Korean War and Post-War Politics in Japan and Korea: The Formation of Conservative Democracy and Authoritarian Political System

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the first half of the twentieth century, Japan and Korea were historically intertwined with each other through the relationship of empire and colony. After the colonial ties were cut off by Japanese defeat in World War II, both Japan and Korea encountered military occupation by U.S. forces. Nevertheless, they ultimately followed different political trajectories in the late 1950s and early 1960s: a conservative democracy in Japan and authoritarian dictatorship in Korea. In an attempt to explain the emergence of these different forms of political system, this article examines how the Korean War played a pivotal role in shaping post-war politics in Japan and Korea by rearranging international relations in the emerging Cold War context in East Asia, and by altering domestic conditions in economic, political, and social realms. The historical analysis advanced in this article demonstrates that post-war politics in Japan and Korea reflect the interplay of contextual and compositional factors, both of which were largely conditioned by a historical event and relational changes in a particular historical conjuncture. In doing so, the article highlights the way in which the outbreak of the Korean War and subsequent geopolitical changes led the two countries not only to reconstruct political systems but also to reformulate their historical relationship from one (Japanese) empire into another (U.S.) in post-war period.

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