Starting in the 1920s, the number of Koreans living in North Manchuria increased significantly compared to the 1910s. The advantage of paddy farming was attributed to geographical factors in the nearby area. But their lives were in a very precarious p...
Starting in the 1920s, the number of Koreans living in North Manchuria increased significantly compared to the 1910s. The advantage of paddy farming was attributed to geographical factors in the nearby area. But their lives were in a very precarious position due to the poor economic conditions of Koreans and the oppression of the Chinese government. Therefore, it seems that active and appropriate countermeasures were needed to protect them.
After death of Kimjwajin who led the independence movement at the North Manchuria, the Hanjokchongyeonhaphoe(韓族總聯合會) suffered internal and external confusion. In January 1931, Byeoldongdae, an aremed unit of the Hanjokchongyeonhaphoe(韓族總聯合會) issued a statement saying it would leave the association and tried to form a new organization.
The Byeoldongdae and provical Agricultural associations had formed a new organization which was named “Hanjok-Nongmu-Yeonhaphoe(韓族農務聯合會)”. The new organization was formed to exclude senior officals and anarchists. The new organization expanded the rights of its members and eliminated the obligations of the obligatory charge and conscription. Through this, it was intended to reduce the antipathy that residents at North Manchuria had. In addition, there are differnces in the members of the organization and the visible rules between Hanjokchongyeonhaphoe(韓族總聯合會) and Hanjok-Nongmu-Yeonhaphoe(韓族農務聯合會).
Although the Hanjok-Nongmu-Yeonhaphoe(韓族農務聯合會) was formed as an oaccasion to antagonize the former executives of the Hanjokchongyeonhaphoe(韓族總聯合會), it failed to reach a full agreement on the direction and initiative of its activities within the organization. Eventually, Hanjok-Nongmu-Yeonhaphoe(韓族農務聯合會). was divided into the ‘Former Gui-il Party(舊 歸一黨)’ and the ‘Agrarian party (農民黨)’. In conflict between the two groups, the ‘Former Gui-il Party(舊 歸一黨)’ took the lead and reorganized its organization and organized 'Han terror organization (韓 terror 團)'.
'Han terror organization (韓 terror 團)' carried out its own activities after gaining the initiative of the group. It formed a self-defense force to prepare for the Japanese attack and carried out activities to raise military funds. However, officials were arrested during their campaign to raise funds and the killings linked to their activities led to the suppression of Chinese authorities. In the end, they were no longer able to continue its anti-Japanese movement due to the members' embroidery and arrest.
After losing control within the Hanjok-Nongmu-Yeonhaphoe(韓族農務聯合會), the ‘Agrarian party (農民黨)’ allied itself with anarchist groups, but continued its anti-Japanese struggle by joining the Korean Independence Army in line with the changing situation after the Manchurian Incident. They fought alongside the Chinese forces near Haerim to achieve results. However, the joint operation with the Chinese military became difficult, and the arrest and murder of key officials resulted in the failure to continue their activities.
Hanjok-Nongmu-Yeonhaphoe(韓族農務聯合會) clearly shows the situation of various nationalists in Manchuria before and after the Manchurian Incident. Therefore, through the establishment and activities of Hanjok-Nongmu-Yeonhaphoe(韓族農務聯合會), this study provides clues to the situation and relationship of the nationalist independence movement organizations in the North Manchuria and contributes to the research on the armed struggle against Japan in the North Manchuria.