개화기 친미 지식인의 의식과 문학 = The Consciousness and Literature of the Pro-American Intellectual in the Enlightenment Era

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The major characteristics of America in the view of Chosun s Enlightenment era were her power and Christianity. Fear and admiration of the power of America began with the understanding of Joonhun Hwang s Chosunchaeklyak(朝鮮策略). This has influenced many intellectuals in the Enlightenment Era. There was a diplomatic relation with America and to envoys or Korean students studying abroad who experienced America in person also believed that America is a powerful country and it is growing rapidly. As a result, in order to ensure Korea s independency America s amicable alliance was always present. Although America did not hesitate to form a secret treaty with Japan to pass over Chosun and American politicians carried out activities harming Chosun, to intellectuals in the Enlightenment era America still looked upon as friendlier nation than that of Chung and Japan. Christianity appeared as the foundation of superior civilization. At first Christianity was understood more of civil or ethical meaning than as a religion. Therefore, many scholars who were converted into Christians at the early age had a strong hope to transform Chosun into a more civilized nation through Christianity. They were ashamed of their own country for it is uncivilized, and with this attitude they introduced conservative religious behaviors of American middle class unquestioningly. When Chosun s national existence was at risk, some of the Pro-American intellectuals turned their back on Chosun and cooperate with Japan. And others supported America and acted as opposition for Japan. Even during the period of Japan s imperialism, Pro-American intellectuals tried to help America gain Chosun s independency or at least gain the right of self government with the interference of America. Their Pro-American activities were more vivid and apparent after Japan s defeat and Chosun s liberation. Pro-American intellectuals were mostly neither strong nationalist nor fighters due to their religious preference and their Christian background. What controls them is the late nineteenth century s conservative flow of Christianity which swept all of America Preparism, Diplomatism, and Self-strengthenism were the theories that were applied to Chosun.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 한국과 미국의 접촉 2. 친미 지식인군의 형성 3. 친미 지식인과 개신 기독교 4. 개화기 친미 지식인의 문학적 태도 5. 맺음말-친미 지식인의 의식구조