전후 일본 건축의 일본적 정체성 = Problems of “Japaneseness” in Postwar Japanese Architecture

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper examines the trajectory of postwar Japanese architecture through the lens of Japanese cultural identity. The tension between international contemporaneity and local specificity played a crucial role in the formation of Japanese modern architecture. The recurrent theme of “Japaneseness” has been central to this tension. The notion of “Japaneseness” is historically constructed and socially changing. In this paper, I would like to historicize the construction and destruction of the concept of “Japaneseness” in postwar architecture from the era of postwar reconstruction to rapid economic growth, the economic bubble and its burst, and the era of globalization. In the wake of the Asia-Pacific War, Tange Kenzo- tried to establish a legitimate style of postwar Japanese architecture, distinct from both eclectic wartime architecture and international modernism. Tange`s reconciliation of Japanese tradition with international modernism gave impetus to Metabolism, a movement born from the futuristic visions of architects and designers in the 1960s. If Tange focused on a formal affinity between traditional and modern design, the Metabolists attempted to translate the global interest in temporality and changeability in architecture into the language of Buddhist teaching about impermanency and change. However, the authority of Japanese cultural identity grounded in the tradition was called into question amid the rising tide of postmodernism in the 1970s and 1980s. Isozaki Arata, a postmodern architect, abandoned any propriety claim on Japanese sources and playfully made citations to various historical motifs from different cultures. This sort of challenge to Japan`s innate identity has continued in the era of globalization. Ito Toyo represents a new type of global-age star architect whose career is not restricted to geographic or cultural boundaries. Ito is less interested in ghettoizing his designs than in formulating a universal form and concept of architecture. His prizewinning project “Home for All (2012),” conceived as a response to the Great East Japan Earthquake, proposed to both Japanese and foreign audiences a new direction for the field of architecture in the era of global crisis.

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