율곡 이이의 관제개편 구상과 의미 = Yi Yi’s Planning on Reformation of Governmental Organization and its Historical Meaning

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This research is focused on understanding historical significance of Yi Yi’s push for the bureaucracy reformation and its structure. In the mid-16th century, when Yi Yi was a part of the central political structure of Joseon as a bureaucrat, the old political groups were crumbling while new political groups took power, but old problems of bureaucracy still persisted. Bureaucrats wanted to preserve old customs while bribes and political requests were frequent. In this time, Yi Yi campaigned for bureaucratic reforms through systemic changes, focusing on disciplining bureaucrats and specifics were like these. Firstly, he promoted a political system of an unified bureaucracy centered around high officials. The most important step in this procedure was morals and a bureaucrat’s action as a public official. Secondly, he wanted to change the bureaucratic selection system from current testing to recommendations, in order to find talented individuals with good morals. This systemic change was to reform the integrity of the bureaucratic organization. He also wanted to educate these talents in the national academy and certify them before making them into officials, allowing systemic training of bureaucrats. Thirdly, to horn expertises and abilities of officials, he wanted put in a merit based promotion system and a possible long term service in particular departments. Fourthly, he promoted to have more meetings for bureaucratic meeting with the king beside regular meetings in order to efficiently run the country. Fifthly, he propositioned to put in a system preventing resignation or vacation for an official’s political stance or his convenience, making officials take care of their responsibility as bureaucrats. Finally, he wanted to install a special reform office to fix many social and economical problems. By implementing these changes, Yi Yi tried to fix the overly bureaucratic political structure while building an environment where bureaucrats have social responsibilities. his ideas are important because they became the standard for the bureaucratic reform theory until 19th century.

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