르완다의 여성 정치 권한 강화: 분쟁과 여성 리더십 = Rwanda Political Empowerment of Women: Conflict and Women Leadership

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper is a review of leadership research, focusing primarily on women as leadership. In this thesis, I analyse the Rwanda case.
In 2008, women won 54% of seats in Rwanda’s lower house of Parliament. Having achieved near-parity in the representation of men and women its legislature, this small African country now ranks first among all countries of the world in terms of the number of women elected to parliament.
The 1994 genocide in Rwanda, perpetrated by Hutu extremists against the Tutsi minority and Hutu moderates, killed an estimated 800,000 people (one-tenth of the population). Once an opposition movement and guerilla army, the RPF is now a predominately (but not exclusively) Tutsi political party.
During the nine-year period of post-genocide transitional government, from 1994 to 2003, women’s representation in Parliament (by appointment) reached 25.7 percent and a new gender-sensitive constitution was adopted. But it was the first post-genocide parliamentary elections of October 2003 that saw women achieve over 50 percent representation.
The dramatic gains for women are a result of specific mechanisms used to increase women’s political participation, among them a constitutional guarantee, a quota system, and innovative electoral structures. This case study will describe those mechanisms and attempt to explain their origins, focusing in particular on the relationship between women’s political representation and the organized women’s movement, significant changes in gender roles in post-genocide Rwanda, and the commitment of Rwanda’s ruling party, the RPF, to gender issues. It will also briefly introduce some of the achievements and challenges ahead for women in Rwanda’s Parliament.

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