Bioactive Compounds and Macroelements of Chicory Plants (Cichorium intybus L.) after Hydroponic Forcing in Different Nutrient Solutions

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The aim of this study was to measure the bioactive compounds and elemental composition in the leaves ofdifferent chicory (Cichoruim intybus L.) cultivars after hydroponic forcing. Five chicory cultivars were studied: threered coloured cultivars: ‘Treviso’, ‘Verona’, and ‘Anivip’; one red-spotted cultivar ‘Castelfranco’; and one green cultivar‘Monivip’. Developing chicory roots were forced in three different nutrient solutions enriched in nitrogen (+N), enrichedin potassium (+N/K), or enriched in phosphorus (+N/P/K) to obtain new vegetative apical buds called chicons, or‘Belgian endive’. Each of the nutrient solutions was used at three concentrations: 1%, 2%, and 3%. Fifty leaf samples(5 cultivars × 10 nutrient solutions) were used for analyses. Total phenolic content, antioxidant potential, and total flavonoidcontent were determined using spectrophotometric methods at the appropriate wavelengths, and multi-elemental analysis(P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn, Rb, Br, and Sr) was conducted using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.
The highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the chicons were observed with the nutrient solution enrichedin K, followed by the solution enriched in N, and P. The highest antioxidant potential was observed with the nutrientsolution enriched in N. Multi-element analysis detected the major macroelements (> 1 g･kg-1dry weight) as K, P, Ca,Cl, and S. The nutrient solutions enriched in K and P generally showed the highest contents of these two macroelementsin the chicons. Linear discriminant analysis for 19 parameters derived from 43 samples of five cultivars ofchicons showed good discrimination between cultivars and nutrient solutions used for hydroponic forcing.

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