한국 노인의 인지기능 저하에 영향을 미치는 개인적, 지역사회환경 요인 = Individual and Perceived Community Environmental Factors Affecting Cognitive Function Decline in Korean Older Adults

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 한국 노인의 인지기능 저하에 영향을 미치는 개인적, 지역사회환경 요인을 조사하는 것이다. 이 연구는 2020년 전국노인실태조사 자료를 활용한 2차 자료분석으로, 대상자는 총 9,742명의 65세 이상 노인이었다. 자료분석은 SPSS Statistics 27.0을 이용하여 기술통계, 복합표본 교차분석, t-검정(complex sample t-test), 복합표본 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 인구사회학적 특성(연령, 교육수준, 가구소득), 흡연, 음주, 운동실천, 사회활동참여, 영양관리상태, 비만, 만성질환, 우울증 등의 개인적 요인과 거주지역의 인근 편의시설과의 근접성, 거주지역 생활환경 및 서비스와 녹지공간 및 공간의 충분성에 대한 만족도 등 지역사회환경에 대한 주관적 인식이 노인의 인지기능 저하에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 노인의 인기기능 저하를 예방하기 위해 생활습관, 건강상태 등의 개인적 위험요인 개선뿐만 아니라, 사회적, 신체적 활동의 기회와 사회적 상호작용을 촉진하는 지역사회의 물리적 환경 자원을 변화시기기 위한 접근 전략이 필요하다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to identify the individual and perceived community environmental factors that affect cognitive function decline in Korean elderly. This study was conducted with a secondary data analysis using data from the 2017 National Survey on Elderly Status. The participants were 9,862 older adults aged ≥65 years. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 27.0 to obtain descriptive statistics, cross-analysis (χ2-test), complex sample t-test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Among the individual factors, higher age, lower educational level, lower household income, current smoking, alcohol drinking, active physical activity, participation in social activities, moderate-risk nutritional management, obesity, 2 or more chronic diseases, and depressive symptom were significantly associated with cognitive function decline. Among the perceived community environmental factors, proximity to nearby facilities(convenience facilities, health care institutions, senior welfare facilities, bus stop and subway station, etc) and satisfaction of residential environments(green space and sufficiency of space, and convenience facilities, etc) were significantly associated with cognitive function decline among older adults.

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