미등록 이주아동의 교육권 = 미국 Plyler v. Doe 판결을 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The undocumented immigrant children in the Republic of Korea are mostly ignored and excluded from laws and policies. In the ruling of Plyler v. Doe (1982), in comparison, the Supreme Court of the United States recognized the right of undocumented children to be educated on an equal basis with other children under the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. In this judgment, the Supreme Court found that undocumented migrants are granted equal protection of the law as any other persons within the U.S. jurisdiction, and that creating a lower class based on immigration status fundamentally undermines the purpose of the Equal Protection Clause. The Supreme Court then adopted intermediate scrutiny as the standard of review for this case, reasoning education is a system that has a permanent impact on childrens lives and is the basis of a democratic society. Concerns about the influx of undocumented immigrants and economic burdens were raised, but they were not enough reasons to justify the discrimination against undocumented children in their right to education.
The discussion on the principle of equality and the meaning of education in the Plyler ruling gives useful implications for the interpretation of the Korean Constitution. As similarly recognized under the Korean Constitution, education is a right and an institution that allows individuals to pursue happiness with dignity and value as human beings and to possess virtues and qualities required for political participation in a democratic society. It is a basic condition that enables not only self-actualization but also social order. As in Plyler’s judgment, denying equal right of education to undocumented children, thereby creating and perpetuating status-based classes within the society, goes against the spirit of the Korean Constitution and is a harsh treatment for children who are not responsible for his or her immigration status. This article thus argues that equal access to education for children should be recognized as a fundamental right under the Korean Constitution regardless of nationality and immigration status and that laws and policies be accordingly reformed to realize inclusive quality education.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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