흡연 남자고등학생 조갑성분 분석 = Analysis of Nails Contents in Smoking Male High Schoolers

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Smoking is associated with respiratory disease, periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. Smoker’s nail can indicate the content of minerals and the accumulation of heavy metals according to nutritional status. Heavy metals from smoking can be directly absorbed into the skin and the nail of the hands while an individual is directly exposed to the tobacco smoke. The health of others can be threatened through smoker’s hands. In this study, a total of 15 kinds of minerals were measured using ICP emission spectroscopy after collecting nails from a total of 30 youths, including 15 male youth smokers, 15 male youth non-smokers. The content of minerals such as Ca (p<.01), Na (p<.01), K (p<.01), Zn (p<.01), P (p<.001) and S (p<.05)in youth smokers were higher than in youth non-smokers. This result means smoking affected nail of male high shoolers. We demonstrated there is a corelation between smoking and nail mineral composition. This study could be the base line data for the further studies on diseases associated with heavy metals in the nail and hand of smokers.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이주영, "흡연자 모발에 함유한 미네랄 함량분석" 한국환경보건학회 31 (31): 107-114, 2005

2 백성옥, "환경담배연기의 화학적 특성과 지표물질" 한국냄새환경학회 4 (4): 168-176, 2005

3 박미성, "청소년 성별에 따른 손톱의 영양미네랄 함량 비교분석" 한국피부과학연구원 12 (12): 837-843, 2014

4 박미성, "서울지역 청소년 손톱에 함유된 중금속에 관한 연구" 한국피부과학연구원 12 (12): 845-851, 2014

5 Al-Delaimy WK, "Toenail nicotine level as a novel biomarker for lung cancer risk" 173 : 822-828, 2011

6 Reilly MP, "Tobacco-related cardiovascular diseases in the 21st century" 33 : 1458-1459, 2013

7 Bergström J., "Tobacco smoking and chronic destructive periodontal disease" 92 : 1-8, 2004

8 Pfeifer GP, "Tobacco smoke carcinogens, DNA damage and p53 mutations in smokingassociated cancers" 21 : 7435-7451, 2002

9 Merritt TA, "The impact of second-hand tobacco smoke exposure on pregnancy outcomes, infant health, and the threat of third-hand smoke exposure to our environment and to our children" 69 : 717-720, 2012

10 Baker RR, "The effect of tobacco ingredients on smoke chemistry. Part I: Flavourings and additives" 42 : 3-37, 2004

11 Kim AJ, "The effect of dietary sodium and potassium levels on the serum sodium and potassium levels and blood pressure of male smokers in rural college" 7 : 23-29, 1996

12 Parcell S., "Sulfur in human nutrition and applications in medicine" 7 : 22-44, 2002

13 Struthers, G.R., "Smoking and rheumatoid vasculitis" 1 : 145-146, 1981

14 Tresadern PA, "Simulating nailfold capillaroscopy sequences to evaluate algorithms for blood flow estimation" 35 : 2636-2639, 2013

15 Khowaja LA, "Quit smoking for life-social marketing strategy for youth: a case for Pakistan" 25 : 637-642, 2010

16 Ngim RC, "Postburn nailfold retraction: a reconstructive technique" 11 : 385-387, 1986

17 Lantz PM, "Investing in youth tobacco control: a review of smoking prevention and control strategies" 9 : 47-63, 2000

18 Padmavathi, Pannuru, "Influence of Chronic Cigarette Smoking on Serum Biochemical Profile in Male Human Volunteers" 55 : 265-270, 2009

19 Millett C, "Increasing the age for the legal purchase of tobacco in England: impacts on socio-economic disparities in youth smoking" 66 : 862-865, 2011

20 Mehra R, "Fingernails as biological indices of metal exposure" 30 : 253-257, 2005

21 Bylka W, "Expectorant herbal medicines in respiratory tract diseases in tobacco smokers" 62 : 1182-1184, 2005

22 Schepis TS, "Epidemiology and etiology of adolescent smoking" 17 : 607-612, 2005

23 Richardson D, "Effects of tobacco smoke inhalation on capillary blood flow in human skin" 42 : 19-25, 1987

24 Shapiro R, "Co-dependence of calcium and phosphorus for growth and bone development under conditions of varying deficiency" 32 : 532-540, 2003

25 Flouris AD, "Cardiovascular disease risk in adolescent smokers: evidence of a ‘smoker lifestyle’" 12 : 221-231, 2008

26 Wiener RC, "Association of smokeless tobacco use and smoking in adolescents in the United States: an analysis of data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System survey, 2011" 144 : 930-938, 2013

27 Haley NJ, "Analysis for nicotine and cotinine in hair to determine cigarette smoker status" 31 : 1598-1600, 1985

28 Farrelly MC, "A comprehensive examination of the influence of state tobacco control programs and policies on youth smoking" 103 : 549-555, 2013