그레샴 메이첸: 칼빈주의 변증가 = Gresham Machen: A Calvinistic Apologist

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 근본주의 신학자로 이해되고 있는 메이첸의 신학이 개혁주의 성향을 가졌는지, 메이첸 스스로는 자신의 신학적 성향을 어떻게 규정하고 있는지를 그의 저작들에 근거하여 살펴보고자 한다. 특별히 현대주의 및 자유주의 사상과 맞서는 메이첸의 신학 방법론은 성경의 초자연적 성격과 역사적인 성격을 강조한다. 성경의 초자연적 성격은 성령의 초자연적 조명을 요청하고 성경의 역사적인 성격은 인간의 보편적인 감각에도 유효함을 주장한다. 특별히 인간의 보편적인 감각에 대한 메이첸의 강조는 구 프린스턴신학교의 탁월한 신학자들, 핫지와 워필드의 신학적 태도와 연결되어 있다. 성경에 대한 메이첸의 이러한 이해를 면밀히 살펴보면 그가 근본주의 신학자로 분류되기 어렵다는 결론에 도달한다. 이러한 결론은 한국 교회 초기의 보수진영 신학의 특징을 이해함에 있어서 대단히 중요하다. 이는 초기의 보수적인 한국 교회 신학이 메이첸의 신학과 무관하지 않기 때문이다. 자유주의 신학과의 대결에서 박형룡을 비롯한 보수진영 학자들은 메이첸의 신학에 많이 의존했다. 그러나 메이첸을 근본주의 신학자로 규정하는 영미권의 이해에 기초하면, 한국 교회 초기의 신학적 특징은 근본주의 성향으로 분류되기 쉽다. 그러나 본 논문은 메이첸의 신학이 개혁주의 성격이 강하고 메이첸 자신도 스스로를 근본주의 신학자가 아니라 칼빈주의 신학자로 규정하고 있음을 주장하며 오늘날 영미권의 메이첸 평가에 한계가 있음을 지적한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper deals, on the basis of his own writings, with whether Machen may be ‘a Calvinist’ both in the content of his theological defense and its methodology. In conclusion, Machen may be called a ‘Calvinist’ apologist at least in light of his preference since he loved himself to be called a ‘Calvinist’ but relatively did not like the terms ‘Fundamentalism’ and ‘Fundamentalist’ as “distasteful.” Notably, this examination of Gresham’s theological character is quite important to understand the theologically conservative character of the 1920s in Korea, a character which Hyung-Nong Park, “Machen of Korea,” who learned theology from Machen, introduced his theology into the Korean church, and employed his apologetics to solve the theological conflict between the liberal and the conservative circles in Korea.

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