Digital allies : preserving national security through signals intelligence cooperation within the UKUSA agreement = 디지털 동맹국들 : UKUSA 협정내에서 SIGINT 형태로서 국가안보의 수호

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The disclosure of the global surveillance practices of five democratic nations shook the world in June 2013. Though some were content with official justification as a matter of national security, many more were concerned with the implications these oversight abilities had on individual privacy and the possibility of a surveillance state. Using information released on the document disclosures from 2013 to 2015, the following thesis researches the impact mass surveillance practices and signals intelligence have had on the concept of national security and analyzes how democracies utilize signals intelligence data to fulfill their national security goals. This thesis focuses on the current national security strategies of the United States and United Kingdom, comparing each nation’s usage of signals intelligence, post-Snowden actions, and subsequent domestic response. Based off of these findings, this thesis analyzes and critiques the current strategy of mass surveillance practices as utilized by democratic states, proposes policies to promote better practices, and discusses the concept of individual privacy in the context of national security.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. Introduction 1
• 1. Argument Overview 9
• 2. Notes on Terminology 13
• 3. A Brief History of UKUSA Surveillance Cooperation . 14
• 4. Chapter Outline 17
• II. Analytical Approach 18
• 1. Theoretical Framework 18
• 1-1. Security Theory 18
• 1-2. Applications in Cyberspace 21
• 2. Literature Review 26
• 3. Research Question and Methodology 29
• III. The FVEY Surveillance Network 31
• 1. The Five Eyes and Beyond 31
• 2. Analyzing FVEY Surveillance Activity 34
• 2-1. Reading the Disclosed Documents 34
• 2-2. Data Collection and Reporting 38
• 3. The Security Priorities of the UKUSA Agreement and FVEY 41
• IV . Case Studies in Disclosure and Aftermath 43
• 1. The United States of America 43
• 1-1. National Security Strategy 43
• 1-2. UKUSA SIGINT Utilization 46
• 1-3. Post-Disclosure Domestic Activity 50
• 2. The United Kingdom 57
• 2-1. National Security Strategy 57
• 2-2. UKUSA SIGINT Utilization 60
• 2-3. Post-Disclosure Domestic Activity 62
• 3. FVEY and Surveillance in Democracies 67
• V. The Future of Signals Intelligence in Security 76
• 1. Surveillance in Democracies: Are There Other Options? 76
• 2. Transparency of Government and Enforcement 78
• 3. The Individual in National Security 80
• 4. Introducing Technical Expertise 81
• 5. SIGINT Surveillance and Terrorism 82
• 6. A Discussion about Privacy's Future 83
• VI. Concluding Analysis 85
• 1. Thesis Findings. 85
• 2. Limitations and Future Research 87
• Bibliography 90
• Appendix 98
• Appendix A: Key ICT indicators 2005-2015 (totals and penetration rates) 98
• Appendix B: Disclosed Documents (United States) 99
• Appendix C: Disclosed Documents (United Kingdom) 109