남북한 환경협력의 방향 모색 = The environmental cooperation between South- and North Korea: its realities and feasibilities

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

First of all, it is important to assess the actual realities of environmental problem,even though it is not easy, to expand exchanges and strengthen the cooperation for
North Korea in the field of environmental issues.
According to the report on North Korean environmental condition prepared by UNEP and UNDP in 2003, many environmental problems such as soil erosion, severe
air and water pollution have been confirmed. People convert the steep slope surface into the cultivation field and end up with soil erosion in the summer. In urban
industrial zone, old facilities can not filter the polluted smoke and water and led to severe air and water pollution.
Especially, extreme famine led to forest disturbance for fuel wood and field expansion for cultivation. Over dependence of coal, which is only available energy source, aggravate the air pollution which can not be improved easily in several industrial cities. Anywhere people exposed to air pollution can be somewhat related
to spatial industry allocation policy.
It is little possibilities to improve their environmental problems by themselves as
North Korea's planning economy and totalitarianism. Economic condition prohibit to enforce the environmental law system in North Korea.
North Korea only pay attention to economic cooperation in North South Dialogue
without paying their interest on cooperation in environmental issues. North Korea
prefer indirect aids through UN organizations. North Koreans believe that direct cooperation can get less help. North Koreans prefer indirect cooperation. With the
report on North Korea environmental condition in 2003 South and North Korea can lead to the turning point to improve the realities of North Korea's environment, but
governmental transfer in South Korea led policy shift and South- North stopped the dialogue. The two parties could not start any progress in terms of environmental
project. Anytime, if two Koreas open the dialogue, I think, it is important to bring up the environmental improvement plan.
Tips from unified German experience, can be useful. Before unification, different political system prohibit the environmental cooperation. But it is necessary to open the possibilities of environmental cooperation for solving the economic difficulties. It is very crucial to estimate the amount of fund, and to train the professional staffs for programs of future environmental recovery in North Korea.