서민의 금융접근과 상호금융의 관계금융 활성화 = Financial Access to the Low Income Classes and Relation Banking Promotion of Cooperative Financial Institutions

국문 초록 (Abstract)

서민들은 기본적으로 소득 및 부도 낮고 현금흐름도 불안정하여, 과거 및 현재 정량적인 재무정보를 기반으로 평가하는 개인신용 평가에서 낮은 등급을 받게 되어 금융기관에서 대출을 받기도 어렵고, 금융접근이 되더라도 높은 대출이자를 지불해야 한다. 신용등급이 낮은 서민들이 자주 이용하는 상호금융기관은 금융감독기관에 의해 CAMEL로 평가 받고 있어서, 서민들을 위한 금융상품을 출시하는 것이 불가능하다. 서민들의 대부업체 이용을 줄여 고금리 이자의 부담을 경감해 주려면, 금융정책 당국은 서민들이 아닌 신용불량자들을 위한 다양한 정책금융 상품을 출시하는 것과 병행하여, 상호금융이 그 지역 서민들에게 맞는 관계형 금융상품을 출시할 수 있는 여지를 열어 주어야 한다. 서민들이 신용불량자가 되지 않고 금융기관을 활용하여 스스로 신용등급을 관리할 수 있는 기회가 만들어질 수 있다. 1960년대 마을금고와 신협이 지역에서 관계금융을 제공하였으므로, 금융정책 및 감독 당국은 자산건전성분류 기준 그리고 CAMEL 등급 평가를 지역밀착형 금융기관이 소액대출에서는 관계금융이 활성화될 수 있도록 맞도록 조정해야 한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since financial institutions have been evaluated by CAMEL based on past and present financial information, the low income classes who get low income, real net wealth and unstable cash flow, get low credit rating at Credit Bureau as well as financial institutions. They have some difficulties in making a loan and pay high interest for even getting the loan. Credit cooperatives and small financial institutions to make a loan to the humble classes have been evaluated by CAMEL and can’t provide financial services to consider their situations.
To get small loan, the low income classes who are not accessible to Credit cooperatives and small financial institutions, visit a usurer to demand so high interest. Korean government has provided financial products-for example, smile microcredit, national happy fund, new hope spore loan, sunshine loan-for only delinquent borrower, but they are not enough to recover credit rating for about 3.2 million credit defaulters in Korea and to reduce the number of delinquents.
To reduce the number of people who use credit loan from a usurer, financial policy and supervisory authorities have to provide opportunities for credit cooperatives attached to the community to make a loan by relational banking. The relational banking loan which are based on borrower’s honesty, ethical reputation, family tradition, etc. as well as financial status, can not be evaluated by the criteria of CAMEL. Korea has some experiences of relational banking loan in the 1960s by Maeul Cooperative which has been developed into Community Credit Cooperative.
To promote relational banking small loan by credit cooperatives, financial policy and supervisory authorities have to attempt to restructure the classification of asset quality and the evaluation practices of financial institutions by CAMEL, to reflect the economic activities and situations of both low income classes and credit defaulters. This restructuring is big works which need wide range of joint researches by scholars, credit bureau professionals, credit cooperative employers, and then the revision of law as well as supervisory guidelines.