제3분과 : 사회 윤리, 환경 문제와 불교 ; 구출갈마(驅出갈磨)에 대한 고찰 = A Survey on the Banishment of Buddhist Community

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to identify pabbajaniya which is temporary expelled from the monastic community. The monastic community that set up an ideal with harmony has established religious precepts for comfort, harmony, and leadership. This is called patimokkha or pratimok asutra. Bhikkhu or Bhikkhuni(buddhist monk or nun) should keep these precepts, otherwise s/he is required an equivalent punishment for this. One of these punishments is a banishment. The banishment includes two types, a complete banishment and a temporary one from the monastic community. There are asa vasa and nasana in the complete expulsion and nanasa vasaka, asa bhoga, and pabbajana in the temporary bansishment. Pabbajaniya is a temporary banishment which is placed to a person who commits kuladusaka and papasamacara. The monastic community conducts pabbajaniya kamma through natthi-cathuttha-kamma to the bhikkhu who commits kuladusaka and papasamacara, and it makes the bhikkhu take parivasa, rescuing him from his place. The purpose of the parivasa is to make bhikkhu repent the evil deeds he made, separating him from the place of the misdoings. However, bhikkhu does not have to receive pabbajaniya-kamma, if he admits and repents his mis-deeds. Because the aim of the kamma is to repent and improve, he does not have to take the kamma if a bhikkhu immediately repents. If bhikkhu took the pabbajaniya-kamma because of his non-confession, it is possible for the him to return to the monastic community with a untie-kamma from the monastic community by repenting and doing the regulations. A bhikkhu can exercise his banned rights by returning to the monastic community as long as he repents because the period of the punishment has not been regularly decided. The bhikkhu who has been temporary exiled should perform the strict ascetic practices with repentance in the parivasa before escaping his sin. All of the practices of the punishment kamma are an positive action which enables the wrongdoing bhikkhu to repent his sins and change bad habits in order to be a clean bhikkhu. These actions are the parivasa from the people, and makes the bhikkhu stop his rights temporarily. Pabbajaniya is just a punishment in order to control the monastic community where large number of people live and to be reborn as a pure disciplinant. Pabbajaniya is also a merciful consideration of the monastic community for the wicked bhikkhu to restore his purity, discarding the evil deeds with repentance through the separated life from a group of pure bhikkhu for a while.