In today's society, public architecture is a value that we can use to understand the nature of public developing various angles. Especially, due to the changing of the paradigm about the nature of public, Public Buildings are showing the trend of the ...
In today's society, public architecture is a value that we can use to understand the nature of public developing various angles. Especially, due to the changing of the paradigm about the nature of public, Public Buildings are showing the trend of the times. In Korea, however, the history of Public Buildings has not been long due to historical circumstances, and even recently, the architecture and space of Public Buildings have been regarded as a means of expression symbolizing the authority of the city. According to the above reasons, the relationship between Public Buildings and citizens has formed an coercively hierarchy, rather than forming a close and friendly one. But Korea also tried to reorganize the relationship between citizens with the beginning of the era of local self-government. In this way, the Modern Public Building has been trying to form an "Intimacy" relationship with citizens in terms of aspects of architecture and space.
Researchers started to place importance on this trend that the introduction of the concept of "Public Intimacy" as a familiar state as “the intimacy bond" with citizens is necessary based on the nature of public. Public Intimacy is a value that extends the concept of architecture and space, starting from sociology and psychology, and makes people feel close in social life. By doing so, It’s worthwhile to maintain a sustainable relationship between citizens and Public Spaces or Public Buildings.
As a result, this study focuses on reflecting the trend of today’s need on the Modern Public Buildings to revitalize citizen-centered spaces in various ways. Furthermore, It has been developed that the space Evaluation items to propose the organized spatial foundation of Public Buildings through the introduction of public intimacy.
This study covers Public Buildings which represent each city's culture and can create and vitalize a cultural space for citizens. And it consists of the space Evaluation items based on previous studies about Public Buildings.
There are five space Evaluation items (openness, placeness, recognition, accessibility, and experientiality) that are extracted by analysis of Public Intimacy space. In order to organize the foundation in the practical aspect of space, it was visualized divided into the top level items and subitems. The top level items are extracted by means of surveys conducted with experts and reserve experts so as to bridge from space characteristics of Public Intimacy to preliminary space Evaluation items for Public Intimacy affording a basis for previous studies that systematized space evaluations. The subitems are made up of preliminary space Evaluation items re-classified according to the top level items which are researched on the Guideline and Checklist of Public Buildings in Korea. Eventually, the final preliminary space Evaluation items were drawn by Regression analysis to demonstrate the practical effect. Because this study is for a new area to introduce to organize the foundation of Public Intimacy.
The Empirical analysis was conducted on 120 members of citizen who visited Public Buildings. The analysis showed that “placeness” had no significant impact among the top five items, and the subtimes ten of were excluded.
With the above result, the 1st Importance survey to analyze reliability, correlation, and importance was conducted with 50 members of expert and 100 members of citizen who used public buildings. In both groups, the first place is accessibility, the second is recognition, and the third is different. Experts put more importance on openness, on the other hand, citizens pick experientiality. After investigating the subitems about the importance, the following must be carried out to promote effective formation of Public Intimacy in Public Buildings. At first, the local self-government should check the improvement of Public Buildings by referring to the opinions of citizens, and reflect the opinions of experts to create spaces for various people to use.
The 2nd Expert Verification conducted in-depth interviews by means of FGI(Focus Group Interview). Overall, the top level items received an average of more than 4 points. Some subitems were reduced and supplemented by the opinions of the interview, and some of the terms were modified to improve readability and understanding. Therefore, 4 top level items (openness, recognition, accessibility, and experientiality) and 26 subitems were organized.
Next, one Public Building in Busan was selected as an example. This is to diagnose and utilize the space Evaluation items of this study. According to the evaluation of 5 government employees of Busan, that Public Building received a high rating of more than 4 points on average and got high scores in order of experientiality, accessibility, recognition, and openness. In addition, the difference in the score of the detailed Evaluation items was found due to the characteristics of Busan City, which translates that the positive evaluation part should be promoted, and the negative one needs to be improved.
Therefore, this study introduced Public Intimacy into Modern Public Buildings and developed Evaluation items in terms of architecture and space in order to make to develop it with citizens. The effect and value of the Evaluation items were proved through the above analysis and verification processes. However, Public Intimacy still lacks data and needs to be kept researched. I hope it is to be developed in the future that theory of Public Intimacy and space. And this study is limited Public Building models in Korea. In the future, it is necessary to expand the scope of Public Buildings, and it is necessary to understand what conditions are necessary for each local district. And then, Public Intimacy will be recognized as an essential value for diverse urban spaces.