Objective: The paper aims to investigate whether there is a positive relevance between migraine and NCGS (non-celiac gluten sensitivity) in Korea. Also, the effect of GFD (gluten free diet) on migraineurs will be assessed.
Background: The correlation ...
Objective: The paper aims to investigate whether there is a positive relevance between migraine and NCGS (non-celiac gluten sensitivity) in Korea. Also, the effect of GFD (gluten free diet) on migraineurs will be assessed.
Background: The correlation between the migraine and NCGS is raising its reasonability because of the following reasons: 1) The migraine brain is genetically hyperactive. 2) On the concept of the brain-gut axis, indigestible gluten causes chronic inflammation and activates the neuronal signaling of ENS. 3) Migraineurs commonly suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms, and most gluten sensitive patients have headache. Therefore, it had been reported in Western countries that GFD improved patients who had both migraine and NCGS.
Methods: Migraineurs were recruited from neurology outpatient clinics in Korea University Hospital between April 2016 and August 2016. Patients answered the questionnaire about their headache characteristics (frequency, average intensity, triggering factor), gastrointestinal symptoms (using ROME Ⅲ criteria of IBS (irritable bowel syndrome)), and wheat diet pattern. 36 migraineurs who ingests wheat and have IBS were educated to avoid gluten for 1 month. The follow-up 16 patients answered the second questionnaire. The authors classified the patients into the SRWIH (self-reported wheat induced headache) group and IBS group. The analysis was done on their headache characteristics and if the symptoms improved after GFD.
Results: Among the 36 patients, 6 (17%) patients had SRWIH, 20 (56%) patients had IBS, and 14 patients (14%) had both SRWIH and IBS. The SRWIH group had more frequent headache (p=0.094) and higher frequency plus intensity score (p=0.086). The SRWIH/IBS group had more frequent headache (p=0.012) and higher frequency plus intensity score (p=0.008). Among the 16 follow-up patients, 4 patients succeeded in avoiding. 2 patients were SRWIH, and the other 2 patients were non-SRWIH but had IBS. All 4 patients who succeeded in GFD were improved, and among the 12 failed patients only 1 patient improved.
Discussion: More frequent and intense headache happens if the patient has SRWIH and IBS. GFD will be effective to those patients. This study supports the established hypothesis of the positive relevance between migraine and NCGS. On the other hand, it raises a question on the conventional belief of GRD (gluten related disorders) as a Western genetic disease. Undiagnosed gluten sensitivity might exist in Korea and further evaluation is required.