The Effect of Perceived Social Support on Entrepreneurial Motivation of Korean, Chinese and Japanese University Students: Focused on mediator of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy

국문 초록 (Abstract)

창업과정은 위험과 스트레스 감수뿐만 아니라 관련 지식과 정보가 요구된다. 이러한 점에서 사회적 지원은 위험과 스트레스 상황에 맞서 싸워야 하는 잠재적 기업가에게 매우 유용한 자원이다. 결국 기업가는 자신의 창업노력을 강화시켜 주기도 하고 또는 제약시키기도 하는 사회구조에 의해 영향받게 된다. 개인이 창업자기효능감을 얻기 위한 중요한 요소의 하나가 부모나 멘토 등으로부터의 사회적 설득이다. 예컨대 성심성의를 기울인 카운슬링, 효과적인 교육, 창업촉진정책 등은 개인에게 외부환경을 환경을 이용할 수 있도록 용기를 주고 동기부여를 제공한다. 본 연구는 한국, 중국 그리고 일본 등 세 국가 대학생들을 대상으로 지각된 사회적 지원이 그들의 창업자기효능감과 창업동기에 미치는 영향을 검증하는 것이다. 또한 창업자기효능감의 매개효과 검증과 함께 이들 국가 대학생들 사이에 창업자기효능감과 창업동기에 유의한 차이가 있는지를 확인해 보는 것이다. 검증결과 지각된 사회적 지원은 이들 국가 대학생들의 창업동기에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 창업자기효능감의 매개효과 검증결과 부분매개효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났으며 마지막으로 한국, 중국, 일본 대학생들 사이에 창업자기효능감과 창업동기 수준은 각기 다른 것을 보여주었다. 따라서 대학생들의 창업의식 고취와 기업가정신 함양을 위해서는 관련 교육도 중요하지만 가족을 포함한 우리 사회구성원들의 청년 창업에 대한 인식 변화와 그를 위한 유관 프로그램 개발도 중요할 수 있음을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과에 따른 이론적 시사점과 실무적 시사점을 제시해 두었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Entrepreneurial process involves taking risk and stress as well as relevant knowledge and information. In this sense, social support is beneficial to potential entrepreneurs who struggle with risk and stressful situation. Thus, entrepreneurs are influenced by social structures that enhance or restrict their entrepreneurial efforts. Likewise, social persuasion from parents, and mentors is a vital element in acquiring entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Promotional policies, elaborating counseling and effective education empower and motivate individuals to make use of the external environment. In this study, we attested how perceived social support influences entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial motivation of university students of Korea, China and Japan. We also ascertained mediating effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and the different level of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial motivation of university students among these three countries. As the result, we found that perceived social support has a significant impact on entrepreneurial motivation. And entrepreneurial self-efficacy has a partial mediating effect between social support and entrepreneurial motivation. Finally, we found that the level of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial motivation are different among Korean, Chinese and Japanese university students. Empirically, our study presents strong evidence on the importance of social support for promoting entrepreneurial motivation of university students, regardless of different sociocultural and geographical backgrounds.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract
• 요약
• Ⅰ. Introduction
• Ⅱ. Literature Review
• III. Methodology
• IV. Result
• V. Discussion and Conclusion
• References

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 양준환, "지각된 관계적 지원이 한·중 대학생의 기업가적 동기에 미치는 영향: 자기효능감의 매개효과를 중심으로" 한국벤처창업학회 10 (10): 1-13, 2015

2 Rahman, H., "Who is your role model? The relationship between role models and student entrepreneurial motivation" International Council for Small Business (ICSB) 2 (2): 0_1-, 2012

3 Turker, D., "Which factors affect entrepreneurial intention of university students?" 33 (33): 142-159, 2009

4 Milstein, T., "Transformation abroad : Sojourning and the perceived enhancement of self-efficacy" 29 (29): 217-238, 2005

5 Shumaker, S. A., "Toward a theory of social support : Closing conceptual gaps" 40 (40): 11-36, 1984

6 Johnson, B. R., "Toward a multidimensional model of entrepreneurship : The case of achievement motivation and the entrepreneur" 14 (14): 39-54, 1990

7 Drach-Zahavy, A., "Toward a multidimensional construct of social support : Implications of provider's self-reliance and request characteristics" 34 (34): 1395-1420, 2004

8 Shapero, A., "The social dimensions of entrepreneurship"

9 Harrison, J. K., "The relationship between cross-cultural adjustment and the personality variables of self-efficacy and self-monitoring" 20 (20): 167-188, 1996

10 Baron, R. M., "The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research : Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations" 51 (51): 1173-1182, 1986

11 Naushad, M., "The mediating effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy in entrepre-neurial intention-a study in Saudi Arabian context" 16 (16): 267-275, 2018

12 Scully, G. W., "The institutional framework and economic development" 96 (96): 652-662, 1988

13 Boyd, N. G., "The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions" 18 (18): 63-77, 1994

14 Covin, J. G., "The influence of organization structure on the utility of an entrepreneurial top management style" 25 (25): 217-234, 1988

15 Chrisman, J. J., "The influence of guided preparation on the long-term performance of new ventures" 20 (20): 769-791, 2005

16 Stuart, T., "The geography of opportunity : spatial heterogeneity in founding rates and the performance of biotechnology firms" 32 (32): 229-253, 2003

17 Forbes, D. P., "The effects of strategic decision making on entrepreneurial self-efficacy" 29 (29): 599-626, 2005

18 Terry, D. J., "The effects of social support on adjustment to stress : The mediating role of coping" 2 (2): 97-124, 1995

19 Semerci, A. B., "The effect of social support on job stress of entrepreneurs" 22 (22): 41-50, 2016

20 Gottman, J. M., "The comprehensive soldier fitness program : family skills compoꠓnent" 66 (66): 52-57, 2011

21 Morgeson, F. P., "The Work Design Questionnaire(WDQ) : developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work" 91 (91): 1321-1339, 2006

22 문재호, "The Effect of Relational Support on Entrepreneurial Motivation of Japanese University Students: Focused on Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Self－Efficacy" 한국경영교육학회 33 (33): 443-461, 2018

23 Tehseen, S., "Testing and controlling for common method variance : A review of available methods" 4 (4): 142-168, 2017

24 Newbert, S. L., "Supporter networks and network growth : a contingency model of organizational emergence" 39 (39): 141-159, 2012

25 Wickham, P. A., "Strategic entrepreneurship" Pearson Education 2006

26 Román, C., "Start-up incentives : Entrepreneurship policy or active labour market programme?" 28 (28): 151-175, 2013

27 Klyver, K., "Social support timing and persistence in nascent entrepreneurship : exploring when instrumental and emotional support is most effective" 51 (51): 709-734, 2018

28 Tardy, C. H., "Social support measurement" 13 (13): 187-202, 1985

29 Gottlieb, B. H., "Social support concepts and measures" 69 (69): 511-520, 2010

30 Adler, P. S., "Social capital : Prospects for a new concept" 27 (27): 17-40, 2002

31 Podsakoff, P. M., "Self-reports in organizational research : Problems and prospects" 12 (12): 531-544, 1986

32 Bandura, A., "Self-efficacy: The exercise of control" Freedom and Company 1997

33 Bandura, A., "Self-efficacy beliefs as shapers of children's aspirations and career trajectories" 72 (72): 187-206, 2001

34 Pinquart, M., "Self-efficacy and successful school-to-work transition : A longitudinal study" 63 (63): 329-346, 2003

35 Preacher, K. J., "SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models" 36 (36): 717-731, 2004

36 Scherer, R. F., "Role model performance effects on development of entrepreneurial career preference" 13 (13): 53-71, 1989

37 Liñán, F., "Regional variations in entrepreneurial cognitions: Start-up intentions of university students in Spain" 23 (23): 187-215, 2011

38 Braham, C. G., "Random house Webster's dictionary" Ballantine Books 1996

39 Markman, G. D., "Person–entrepreneurship fit : why some people are more successful as entrepreneurs than others" 13 (13): 281-301, 2003

40 Rudolph, C. W., "Perceived social support and work-family conflict : A comparison of Hispanic immigrants and non-immigrants" 21 (21): 306-325, 2014

41 Robbins, S. P., "Organizational Behavior" Prentice Hall 2010

42 Hair, J. F., "Multivariate data analysis" Prentice Hall 2010

43 Mohammed, A. Q., "Measuring students entrepreneurial intentions : the study of Al Dhafra region, Abu Dhabi, UAE" 23 (23): 1-23, 2019

44 Flood, M., "Mapping loneliness in Australia" Australia Institute 2005

45 Rogers, N., "International Handbook of Women and Small Business Entrepreneurship" Edward Elgar 91-102, 2005

46 양준환, "How Role Model Influences Psychological Traits and Perceived Self-Efficacy of Korean and Chinese Undergraduates" 대한경영학회 32 (32): 1707-1726, 2019

47 Luthans, F., "Entrepreneurial self-efficacy in Central Asian transition economies : quantitative and qualitative analyses" 37 (37): 92-110, 2006

48 Naktiyok, A., "Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention : the Turkish case" 6 (6): 419-435, 2010

49 Krueger Jr, N. F., "Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs" 18 (18): 91-104, 1994

50 Carsrud, A., "Entrepreneurial motivations : what do we still need to know?" 49 (49): 9-26, 2011

51 Krishna, M., "Entrepreneurial motivation a case study of small scale entrepreneurs in Mekelle, Ethiopia" 2 (2): 1-6, 2013

52 Shane, S., "Entrepreneurial motivation" 13 (13): 257-279, 2003

53 Malebana, M. J., "Entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurial motivation of South African rural university students" 6 (6): 709-726, 2014

54 Chen, C. C., "Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entre-preneurs from managers?" 13 (13): 295-316, 1998

55 Hofstede, G., "Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind (Vol. 2)" Mcgraw-hill 2005

56 Brislin, R. W., "Cross-cultural research methods" Wiley 1973

57 Abbey, A., "Cross-cultural comparison of the motivation for entrepreneurship" 14 (14): 69-81, 2002

58 Belsley, D. A., "Conditioning diagnostics:Collinearity and weak data in regression" Wiley- Interscience 1991

59 Fuller, C. M., "Common methods variance detection in business research" 69 (69): 3192-3198, 2016

60 Jakobsen, M., "Common method bias in public management studies" 18 (18): 3-30, 2015

61 Douglas, S. P., "Collaborative and iterative translation : An alternative approach to back translation" 15 (15): 30-43, 2007

62 Nunnally, J. C., "Clinical Diagnosis of Mental Disorders" 97-146, 1978

63 King, Z., "Career self-management : Its nature, causes and consequences" 65 (65): 112-133, 2004

64 Bagozzi, R. P., "Assessing construct validity in organizational research" 36 (36): 421-458, 1991

65 Shane, S., "An exploratory examination of the reasons leading to new firm formation across country and gender" 6 (6): 431-446, 1991

66 Lee, H. O., "A cross-cultural comparison of organizational conflict management behaviors" 2 (2): 181-199, 1991