Spatial and Temporal Distribution of a Biocontrol Bacterium Bacillus licheniformis N1 on the Strawberry Plants

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Spatial and temporal distribution of Bacillus licheniformis N1 was investigated over time on the leaves,petioles and crowns of the strawberry plants. Bacterial population on the strawberry plants was quantified over time by selective plating. Bacterial population of N1 containing a plasmid pWH43G carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) declined relatively faster on the plant surface as compared to the Strain N1 itself.
However, this result was found to be enough to utilize the strain to visualize bacterial colonization on the plant surface. When B. licheniformis N1 was treated together with Silwet L-77 at 0.03%, the bacterial population on plant surface persisted for up to 7 days. B. licheniformis N1 (pWH43G) containing Silwet L-77 was applied on the strawberry plants and the GFP expressing bacteria were visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Bacterial persistence was also investigated in a growth chamber and in a plastic house after N1 bioformulation treatment on the strawberry plant. The Strain N1colonized three different tissues well and persisted over 3 to 5 days on the strawberry plants. They formed bacterial aggregates on plant surfaces for at least 3 days,resulting in a biofilm to resist fluctuating plant surface environment. However, the bacterial persistence dramatically declined after 7 days in all tested tissues in a plastic house. This study suggest that B. licheniformis N1 colonizes the strawberry plant surface and persists for a long time in a controlled growth chamber, while it can not persist over 7 days on the plant surface in a plastic house.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Leclère, V., "The lipopeptides mycosubtilin and surfactin enhance spreading of Bacillus subtilis strains by their surface-active properties" 186 : 475-483, 2006

2 Collins, D. P., "Spatial and temporal population dynamics of a phyllosphere colonizing Bacillus subtilis biological control agent of sugar beet cercospora leaf spot" 26 : 224-232, 2003

3 Kinsinger, R. F., "Rapid surface motility in Bacillus subtilis is dependent on extracellular surfactin and potassium ion" 185 : 5627-5631, 2003

4 Daniels, R., "Quorum sensing and swarming migration in bacteria" 28 : 261-289, 2004

5 공현기, "Production of Surfactin and Iturin by Bacillus licheniformis N1 Responsible for Plant Disease Control Activity" 한국식물병리학회 26 (26): 170-177, 2010

6 Lindow, S. E., "Microbiology of the phyllosphere" 69 : 1875-1883, 2003

7 Cook, R. J., "Making greater use of introduced microorganisms for biological control of plant pathogens" 31 : 53-80, 1993

8 Braun, P. G, "Infection cycles and population dynamics of Botrytis cinerea in strawberry leaves" 10 : 133-141, 1988

9 Jetiyanon, K., "Immunization of cabbage for long-term resistance to black rot" Auburn University 1994

10 Xue, G. P., "High osmolarity improve the electro-transformation efficiency of the gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis" 34 : 183-191, 1999

11 공현기, "Generation of a Constitutive Green Fluorescent Protein Expression Construct to Mark Biocontrol Bacteria Using P43 Promoter from Bacillus subtilis" 한국식물병리학회 25 (25): 136-141, 2009

12 Branda, S. S., "Fruiting body formation by Bacillus subtilis" 98 : 11621-11626, 2001

13 Mathre, D. E., "From discovery to use: Traversing the world of commercializing biocontrol agents for plant disease control" 83 : 972-983, 1999

14 Fravel, D. R., "Formulation of microorganisms to control plant diseases. In: Formulation of Microbial Pesticides: Beneficial Microorganisms, Nematodes and Seed Treatments" Kluwer Academic Publishers 187-202, 1998

15 Schisler, D. A., "Formulation of Bacillus spp. for biological control of plant diseases" 94 : 1267-1271, 2004

16 Lee, J. P., "Evaluation of formulations of Bacillus licheniformis for the biological control of tomato gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea" 37 : 329-337, 2006

17 Gent, D. H., "Effect of commercial adjuvants on vegetable crop fungicide coverage, absorption, and efficacy" 87 : 591-597, 2003

18 Maas, J. L., "Compendium of Strawberry Diseases" American Phytopathological Society 1984

19 Fravel, D. R., "Commercialization and implementation of biocontrol" 43 : 337-359, 2005

20 이광열, "Characterization of a Chitinase Gene Exhibiting Antifungal Activity from a Biocontrol Bacterium Bacillus licheniformis N1" 한국식물병리학회 25 (25): 344-351, 2009

21 KIM, HYUN JU, "Biological Control of Strawberry Gray Mold Caused by Botrytis cinereaUsing Bacillus licheniformis N1 Formulation" 한국미생물·생명공학회 17 (17): 438-444, 2007

22 Ramey, B. E., "Biofilm formation in plant-microbe associations" 7 : 602-609, 2004

23 Emmert, E. A. B, "Biocontrol of plant disease: a (Gram-) positive perspective" 171 : 1-9, 1999

24 Bais, H. P., "Biocontrol of Bacillus subtilis against infection of Arabidopsis roots by Pseudo monas syrignge is facilitated by biofilm formation and surfactin production" 134 : 307-319, 2004

25 Melinick, R. L., "Bacterial endophytes: Bacillus spp. from annual crops as potential biological control agents of black pod rot of cacao" 46 : 46-56, 2008

26 Ongena, M., "Bacillus lipopeptides: versatile weapons for plant disease control" 16 : 115-125, 2008

27 남명현, "Application of an IPM-based Spray Program to Protected Cultivation of Strawberry in Korea" 한국원예학회 49 (49): 352-356, 2008

28 Howard, C. M., "Anthracnose of strawberry caused by the Colletotrichum complex in Florida" 76 : 976-981, 1992

29 Jeger, M. J., "A generic theoretical model for biological control of foliar plant diseases" 256 : 201-214, 2009