Influence of Tectonic Uplift on Longitudinal Profiles of Bedrock Rivers : Numerical Simulations = Influence of Tectonic Uplift on Longitudinal Profiles of Bedrock Rivers : Numerical Simulations

국문 초록 (Abstract)

기반암 하상 하천의 종단 곡선은 지형 경관 발달의 기본 조건을 형성 함으로서 경관 변화에 강력한 영향을 행사 한다. 하천 종단 곡선은 기후 환경 조건의 변화, 기반암의 물리 화학적 특성, 지각 운동과 같은 변수들에 의해서 그 형태의 변화를 경험하게 된다. 특히 지각 운동의 시 공간적 양상은 지각 운동이 활발한 혹은 활발했던 것으로 알려진 지역에서 종단곡선에 강력한 영향력을 행사 하는 것으로 추론 되어 왔다. 그러나, 현재까지의 기반암 하상 하천에 대한 연구는 기반암 하상 하천의 침식 작용을 통제 하는 변수들에 대한 이해의 부족으로 답보상태를 면하지 못하여 왔다. 현대 지형학의 주요 연구 기법인 컴퓨터를 이용한 지형 발달 시뮬레이션은 지형 발달의 단계들을 파악 하는데 유용한 연구 도구로 활용 되어 왔으나, 기반암 하상 하천의 경우 그 이해의 부족으로 인하여 광범위한 응용이 가능한 모형의 마련에 어려움을 겪어 왔다. 그 결과 기존의 연구들은 단순한 확산 모형을 침식의 기본 모형으로 이용 했다. 본 고 에서는 물리적 침식과정에 기반한 기반암 침식 모형들을 검토 수정한 새로운 모형을 소개 하고 해당 모형을 이용하여 지각운동의 시 공간적 분포와 강도가 하천 종단 곡선에 미치는 영향을 시뮬레이션을 통해 모사하고 논의 하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Longitudinal profiles of bedrock rivers play a fundamental role in landscape history by setting the boundary conditions for landform evolution. Longitudinal profiles are changed with climatic conditions, lithology and tectonic movements. Tectonic movement is an important factor controlling longitudinal profiles, especially in tectonically active area where uplift rates are regarded as a major factor controlling channel gradient. However study on bedrock channel has made little progress, because controls over bedrock river incision are yet to be clarified. Previous numerical simulations have used a simple diffusion model, which links together the overall processes of bedrock channel erosion as in other landform evolution models. In this study, previous bedrock incision models based on physical processes (especially abrasion) are reviewed and new modifications are introduced. Using newly formulated numerical model, the role of spatial pattern and intensity of tectonic uplift on changes in river longitudinal profile was simulated and discussed.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract
  
• 요약
  
• 1. Introduction
  
• 2. Model Formulation
  
• 3. Simulation Results and Discussion
  
• 4. Conclusion
  
• Acknowledgements
  
• References

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "an analysis of Hawaiian channels Journal of Geology" 457-474, 1994

2 "The transportation of debris by runningwater" 86-, 1914

3 "The topographic evolution of collisionalmountain belts AmericanJournal of Science" 1041-1069, 1989

4 "Saltation andsuspension trajectories of solid grains in awater stream Philosophical transactions of theRoyal Society of London" 225-254, 1977

5 "River longitudinal profiles and bedrock incision models: streampower and the influence of sediment supply , in Tinkler, K.J. and Wohl, E.E. (eds.), Rivers over Rock Fluvial Processes in BedrockChannels" American Geophysical Union 1998

6 "River incisionor diversion in response to bedrock uplift" 28 : 43-46, 2000

7 "Quantitative testing of bedrock incisionmodels for the Clearwater River , NW Washington State" 108(B), : 2003

8 "Quantifying differential rock-uplift rates via stream profile analysis" 29 : 415-418, 2001

9 "Patterns of bedrockchannel erosion on the Boso Peninsula" 106 : 331-345, 1998

10 "Journal of Research" 421-429, 1973

11 "Journal of HydraulicEngineering" 1251-1267, 1982

12 "Investigation of particle-wall impact process, Wear." 233 (233): 168-173, 1999

13 "Insights derived from a surface processesmodel that combines diffusion Journal of Geophysical Research" tionon high-elevation rifted margins : 12191-12209, 1994

14 "Influence of sediment supply, lithology, and wood debris on the distribution of bedrock and alluvial channels" 112 : 591-599, 2000

15 "High bedrock incision rates in the Atenguillo river valley, Jarisco, Western Mexico" 22 : 337-343, 1997

16 "Fluvial landscape response time: how plausible is steady-state denudation" 301 : 313-325, 2001

17 "FEM analysis of the dependency onimpact angle during erosive wear" 233 (233): 157-159, 1999

18 "Experiments on the motion ofsolitary grains along the bed of a waterstream Philosophical transactions of the RoyalSociety of London" 443-471, 1973

19 "Erosion and Sedimentation" Cambridge University Press 1995

20 "Dynamics ofthe stream-power river incision model:implication for the height limits of mountainranges, landscape response time scales, and research needs" 104(B), : 17661-17674, 1999

21 "Channel-reach morphology in mountain drainage basins" 109 : 596-611, 1997

22 "Channel response to tectonicforcing field analysis of stream morphologyand hydrology in the Mendocinotriple junction region, northern California" 53 (53): 97-127, 2003

23 "Cenozoic river profile development in the Upper Lachlan catchment (SE Australia) as a test of quantitative fluvial incision models" 108(B), : 2003

24 "Beyond power: bedrock river incision process and form : Rivers over Rock: Fluvial Processes in Bedrock Channels" American Geophysical Union 1998

25 "Bedrock incision, rock uplift, and threshold hillslopes in the northwestern Himalaya" 379 : 505-510, 1996

26 "Bedrock incision by streams Geological Society of America Bulletin" 2189-2213, 1980

27 "A theoreticalmodel for saltating grains in water" 7341-7354, 1985

28 "A study of erosion phenomena" 5-21, 1963

29 "A mechanistic model for river incision into bedrock bysaltating bed load" 40 : 2004

30 "A fluvialrecord of longterm steady-state uplift and erosion across the Cascadia forearc high," 301 : 385-431, 2001