Studies on the Ginseng Plants (Ⅲ) Radioactive Sodium Acetate-U-C¹⁴ Feeding Experiments

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The radioactive compound sodium acetate-U-C¹⁴ (C¹⁴-acetate) was administered to two- and four-year-old July and September American ginseng (Araliaceae, Panax quinquefolium L.) plants and cuttings. The C¹⁴-acetate uptake was approximately 99 %. The autoradiochromatograms suggest that the saponins isolated by preparative thin-layer chromatography contained impurities, especially those isolated from the leaf and stem extracts. The root and fruit methanol extracts yielded relatively pure saponins. The large amounts of panaquilin B and its proximity to panaquilin C on preparative thin-layer plates resulted in some admixing. The average concentration (% plant dry weight) of semi-purified saponins were high in the leaves (13.8 %), as compared to fruits (9.8 ,%). stems (7.9 %) and roots (6.3 %). The average percentage of C¹⁴-acetate incorporation into panaquilins was 4. 8 %. The average percentage of C¹⁴-acetate incorporation into panaquilins B and C was higher (1.40 % and 1.13 %, respectively) than that into panaquilins C, (d), G-1 and G-2 (0.75 %, 0.65 %, 0.13 % and 0.53 %, respectively). Panaquilin synthesis may be depending upon the part, collection period and age of the plant. The average percentage of C¹⁴-acetate incorporation into panaquilin B is high in roots (0.58 %) and stems (0.48 %); that into panaquilins C and (d) high in leaves (0.40 % and 0.45 %, respectively) ; and that into panaquilin E high in roots and leaves (0.55 % and 0.50 %, respectively). Panaquilin G-2 was synthesized in all parts of plants. The panaquilins appear to be biosynthesized more actively in July than September (exception-panaquilin G-1). Panaquilins B, C and G-1 may lie biosynthesized more actively in four-year-old plants ,and panaquilins (d) and E more actively in two-year-old plants. The results from expectance with , cuttings suggest that the panaquilins are synthesized de novo in the above-ground parts of ginseng plants, and that panaquilin G-1 may be synthesized de novo in the leaf. It is known from the tissue culture studies that panaquilins are produced by leaf, stem and root callus tissues and callus-root cultures of American and Korean ginseng plants. Panaquilins may actively be synthesized de novo in most any cell or organ of the ginseng plants. It was verified that C¹⁴-acetate was incorporated into the panaxadiol portions of the panaquilins of two-year-old plants (sp. act. 0.56 mμCi/㎎) and four-year-old plants (sp. act. 0.54 mμCi/㎎).