현대 터키어에서의 시간표현 연구 = A Study of the Time-expressions in the Contemporary Turkish

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper suggests that aspect and modality are more basic categories in Turkish than tense, and inflections typically treated as markers of tense have to be reanalyzed in terms of these functions. In summary, Turkish appears to have five distinct markers for aspect: the perfect of direct experience {-DI}1, the perfect of indirect experience {-mIs}1, the progressive {-Iyor}, the prospective {-(y)AcAK}, and the habitual/iterative {-(A/I)r}. Though {-mIs}1 marks the inferential past, {-Iyor} and {-(A/I)r} can hardly be qualified as tense markers. Though the primary function of progressive {-Iyor} is aspectual, whether the habitual/iterative {-(A/I)r} should be analyzed as part of the aspectual or modal systems of Turkish has to be investigated in further detail. These considerations, suggesting that the progressive should be integrated into the aspectual and the habitual/iterative into the modal or aspectual systems, lead to the view that the present tense receives zero marking in Turkish. It would be premature for me to arrive at a specific conclusion regarding this point since I do not have the grounds for doing so, but this proposal is certainly one which needs further investigation, particularly in view of the formal asymmetry between the past and the non-past is aspect marking, with there being no aspectually unmarked present tense in Turkish. In conclusion, I hope that this paper, in raising some questions as well as answering some, has revealed the necessity for more systematic analyses of the thense-aspect-mood system in Turkish within a perspective not determined by the categories of the Indo-European languages, in order to explain the intricacies of a most interesting system.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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