A study of the influence of Mandarin Chinese on Spoken Manchu = A study of the influence of Mandarin Chinese on Spoken Manchu

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper aims to investigate the influence of Mandarin Chinese on the Manchu language by analyzing the meaning and distribution of the nominalizer -niŋ(ŋə) and the past participle -xə, in light of the meaning and the structure of Mandarin Chinese equivalents in the questionnaire used for Kim et al. (2008). From the mid-eighteenth century, the Manchu people began to speak Mandarin Chinese more actively than their own language. Consequently, their language has been heavily influenced by Mandarin Chinese in all linguistic aspects.
I tried to reveal some morphological influences of Mandarin Chinese on the language by clarifying the distribution patterns of the nominalizer -niŋ(ŋə) related to the past participle -xə and comparing it with Mandarin Chinese grammar.
I suggested that the Spoken Manchu grammar was highly influenced by the serial verb construction of Mandarin Chinese. And then, I also suggested that the Manchu nominalizer has been interpreted as an equivalent of the Mandarin Chinese particle de (的).