유아의 어린이집 적응에 대한 생태학적 연구 = An Ecological Study on Children’s Adjustment to Preschools

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 일차적인 목적은 어린이집에 다니는 만6세 이하 유아의 적응에 영향을 미치는 생태학적 요인을 알아보는 것이다. 즉, 유아의 어린이집 적응을 연구함에 있어 이에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 보다 포괄적이고 다양한 상호관계의 맥락에서 파악하기 위해 Bronfenbrenner가 제시한 생태구조에 따라 연구하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 생태학적 체계가 유아의 어린이집 적응에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 유기체, 미시체계, 중간체계, 거시체계 변인들의 상대적 영향력은 어떠한가를 살펴보았다. 또한 적응의 하위요인인 친사회성, 긍정적 정서, 또래간의 적응, 자기조절, 하루일과의 적응에 대한 유기체, 미시체계. 중간체계, 거시체계 변인들의 상대적 영향력을 알아보았다. 이에, 먼저 선행연구를 통해 유아의 어린이집 적응에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되는 변인을 선정하였다. 선정된 변인은 유기체변인 (성별, 연령, 기질, 최초 취원 연령), 미시체계 가정변인(형제수, 월소득, 母의 취업유무, 母의 양육태도), 미시체계 어린이집 변인(한학급의 유아수, 시설, 집과의 거리), 중간체계 변인(母의 어린이집 만족도), 거시체계 변인(교육열)이었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study investigates the ecological factors on children’s adjustment to preschools. This will provide fundamental data on clarifying the troubles of children who are not in adjustment and helping to overcome the obstacles. This study was established in ecological perspective for the inclusive inquiry of the factors affecting on children’s adjustment to preschools.
In the first step, the variables which are expected to affect children’s adjustment to preschools were selected. They are demographic variables (genders, ages, temperament, and the age of first enterance to the preschool), microsystem domestic variables (number of children, monthly income, mothers’ employment and their attitude of bringing up children), microsystem preschool variables (number of children in a class, facilities，distance from the house), mesosystem variables (mothers’ satisfaction with the preschools), macrosystem variables (enthusiasm for the education).
For this study, 206 children of 13 preschools located in Seoul and Gyounggi-do were investigated.
Three separate questionnaires were used: one is for mothers, another for teachers, the last for the head of the preschool. The instruments used for this study were children’s temperament scale, attitude of bringing up scale, satisfaction with the preschool scale, interest on education scale, facilities of the preschool scale, children’s adjustment scale, and background variable.
The data were analyzed by frequency, percentile, mean, standard deviation, Cronbach, correlation, hierarchical regression and multiple regression, using SAS program package.
The major-findings of this study were summarized as follows:
First, analyzing the effects of the demographic, microsystem, mesosystem, and macrosystem variables with the ecological access results that more female children (than male) and children who have more soothable temperament, more brothers and sisters, and mothers with limit setting attitude in bringing up them showed better adjustment to preschools. Among these, the most explanatory variable was limit setting in bringing up children variable.
Second, sub-categorical studies on children’s adjustment to preschools are as follows. More female children (than male) and children who have strongly soothable and attention spanning temperament showed higher sociability. Children who have soothable temperament, more brothers and sisters, and mothers with limit setting attitude in bringing up them showed higher positive emotion. And positive emotion were affected by facilities variables. This result can be explained that the preschools with better facilities are mostly large ones and therefore children come to have relatively less opportunities of friendship and close relationship with others. More female children (than male) and children who have soothable temperament, more brothers and sisters, and mothers with limit setting attitude in bringing up them showed better adjustment to the peer groups. Children who have strongly sociable temperature and attend to the preschools with better facilities showed better self control. Self control featured being largely influenced by ecological system compared with other sub-factors, especially it was affected by the facilities variable. More female children (than male) and the children who have strongly soothable temperature and mothers with limit setting attitude in bringing up them showed better adjustment to daily task.