영미문학과 디지털인문학: 미국 디지털 영문학 연구 동향 = English Literature and Digital Humanities: Digital Literary Studies in the U. S.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

미국 영문학계에서 디지털인문학적 방법론을 활용한 영미문학 연구는 비록 주류 학계의 인정이나 주목을 받지는 못했지만 1960년대부터 꾸준히 전산적 텍스트 분석의 전통을 이어왔다. 디지털 영문학 연구는 새 세기에 접어들면서 디지털 기술의 급속한 진보와 함께 디지털인문학 담론의 부상으로 새롭게 각광을 받기 시작했 다. 이에 따라 영문학계는 디지털인문학적인 방법론을 가장 적극적으로 받아들이면서 이를 연구와 교육에 활발하게 적용하고 있다. 특히 미국의 디지털 영문학 연구는 텍스트 분석의 전통과 멀리서 읽기의 전통이 화학적으로 결합하면서 수많은 문학 텍스트로 이루어진 거대 말뭉치의 통계적 분석으로 나아가 그동안 학술적 시야에 들어오지 않던 영미문학의 새로운 측면들을 밝혀주는 성과를 내고 있다. 분석 기법도 다양해져서 전통적인 텍스트 분석 기법에 더해 메타 데이터 분석, 사회 관계망 분석 및 시각화, 토픽 모델링, 기계 학습, 지리정보 분석 등으로 한층 정교화 되고 있다. 이와는 대조적으로 디지털인문학에 대한 한국 영문학계의 태도는 완전한 무관심과 철저한 외면에 가깝다. 문학을 연구하는 새로운 방법론이 있는데 이를 외면하는 것은 어떤 식으로든 정당화될 수 없다. 누군가는 시도해야 하고 그것의 가치와 타당성에 대해 논쟁해야 한다. 이는 분명 한국 영문학계를 풍성하게 할 것이다. 본고는 인문전산학적인 초기 단계부터 2000년대 이후 지금까지 미국 디지털 영문학의 대표적인 연구 성과들을 검토함으로써 한국 영문학계에서 디지털인문학 적인 접근 방식에 대한 논의가 활성화될 수 있는 초석을 닦는다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Digital literary studies in the United States has developed in the form of computational text analysis since the 1960s. At first it was not properly appreciated by mainstream academia, but it began to draw public attention largely due to the rise of digital humanities discourse along with the rapid progress of digital technology at the turn of the century. English studies was one of the major disciplines that actively adopted digital humanistic methodology and applied it to research and education. Digital literary scholars have shed light on previously unknown aspects of English literature by combining text analysis and “distant reading” and by statistically analyzing large-scale corpora of literary works. They take advantage of such sophisticated methods as metadata analysis, social network analysis and visualization, topic modeling, machine learning, and geographic information system as well as traditional text analysis techniques. In contrast, Korean academics of English literature are completely indifferent to digital literary studies. Ignoring any new methodology to study literature cannot be justified at all. Someone should try it, and we should debate about its value and validity. This will surely enrich Korean academia. This paper examines major research achievements of American digital literary studies from the early years of humanities computing to the present, thus laying the groundwork for discussion on digital humanistic approaches to English literature in Korea.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 들어가며
• II. 초기 성과들
• III. 스탠퍼드 문학실험실과 자커즈의 ‘거시분석’
• IV. 최근 성과들
• V. 나가며

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