日本 新產業都市計劃과 成果

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Japan, which is 142,644 square miles in land area (almost the size of California), consists of four major islands: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. It was estimated by the Japanese Government that 100,554,894 persons lived in the country in 1966 and that population increased by 1.0% per annum from 1960 to 1965. There are three metropolitan areas in Japan: Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya. In these metropolitan areas urban amalgamations have been developing partly as a result of the rapidly growing economy of postwar Japan. In 1960 nearly 45% of Japan’s population was concentrated in only 1% of the total land area of the country. On the other hand the majority of the other local centers show signs either of stagnation or decline. Many young people leave rural areas for cities while old farmers stay behind. This factor causes many problems in rural areas as well as in urban areas.
Realizing the problems of the country, the Government of Japan formulated its long range development policy against the background of a sustained high rate of growth in the postwar period. The policy envisaged a doubling of national incomes in ten years through further industrialization. Subsequently the plan for the construction of New Industrial Cities (1963) was adopted by the Government as a means of balanced development and 15 areas were designated as New Industrial Cities. The purpose of these cities was to alleviate over-concentration in the big cities and to achieve the optimum distribution of population and industries with in the various areas. The further goals of this plan are to permit a continuous and balanced growth of the economy; to raise the levels of living and welfare generally; to use the country’s resources rationally and distribute them suitably in order to bring about conditions in Which all citizens equally enjoy an affluent life and the other benefits that modern societycan offer.
In this paper problems associated with the New Industrial Cities Program are analysed. The effects of the program are studied based on the results of 1964 achievement. Finally the proram is evaluated.